پلاټينيوم

Platinum, ₇₈Pt
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈplætɪnəm/ ; PLAT-IN-ǝm
Appearance	silvery white
Platinum په دوراني جدول کې
iridium ← platinum → gold	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	78
گروپ, پیریود	group 10, period 6
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	2041.4 K (1768.3 °C, 3214.9 °F)
يشنا ټکی	4098 K (3825 °C, 6917 °F)
Density near r.t.	21.45 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	19.77 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	22.17 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	510 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.86 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −3 (a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.28
Ionization energies	1st: 870 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1791 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius	136±5 pm
Van der Waals radius	175 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	face-centered cubic (fcc) Face-centered cubic crystal structure for platinum
Speed of sound thin rod	2800 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	8.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	71.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	105 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+201.9·10−6 cm3/mol (290 K)
Tensile strength	125–240 MPa
Young's modulus	168 GPa
Shear modulus	61 GPa
Bulk modulus	230 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.38
Mohs hardness	3.5
Vickers hardness	400–550 MPa
Brinell hardness	300–500 MPa
CAS Number	7440-06-4
History
Discovery	Antonio de Ulloa (1748)
Main isotopes of platinum
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پلاټينيوم (په انگرېزي: Platinum) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Pt سمبول او v۸ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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سرچينې

↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[2] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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