نايتروجن

د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا
Nitrogen,  7N
Spectral lines of nitrogen
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation /ˈntrəən/
NY-trə-jən
Appearancecolorless gas, liquid or solid
Nitrogen په دوراني جدول کې
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Nihonium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Moscovium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)
Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)


N

P
carbonnitrogenoxygen
اټومي شمیره (Z)7
گروپ, پیریودgroup 15 (pnictogens), period 2
بلاکp-block
Element category  diatomic nonmetal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)
  • [14.00643, 14.00728][۱]
  • conventional: 14.007
Electron configuration[He] 2s2 2p3
Electrons per shell
2, 5
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)گاز
دويلې کيدو ټکى63.15 K ​(−210.00 °C, ​−346.00 °F)
يشنا ټکی77.355 K ​(−195.795 °C, ​−320.431 °F)
کثافت (at STP)1.251 g/L
when liquid, at b.p.0.808 g/cm3
Triple point63.151 K, ​12.52 kPa
Critical point126.192 K, 3.3958 MPa
Heat of fusion(N2) 0.72 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporisation(N2) 5.56 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity(N2) 29.124 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 37 41 46 53 62 77
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −3 ​(a strongly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 3.04
Ionisation energies
  • 1st: 1402.3 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2856 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 4578.1 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Covalent radius71±1 pm
Van der Waals radius155 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structurehexagonal
Hexagonal crystal structure for nitrogen
Hexagonal crystal structure for nitrogen
Speed of sound353 m/s (gas, at 27 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه25.83×10−3 W/(m·K)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic
CAS Number17778-88-0
7727-37-9 (N2)
History
DiscoveryDaniel Rutherford (1772)
Named byJean-Antoine Chaptal (1790)
Main isotopes of nitrogen
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
13N syn 9.965 min ε 13C
14N 99.6% stable
15N 0.4% stable
| references | in Wikidata

نايتروجن (په انگرېزي: Nitrogen) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د N سمبول او v اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

مشخصات[سمول]

تاریخچه[سمول]

مرکبات[سمول]

د استعمال ځایونه[سمول]

سرچينې[سمول]

  1. Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml. 

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