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پراسيوديموميم

د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا
(له Praseodymium نه مخ گرځېدلی)
Praseodymium,  59Pr
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation /przəˈdɪmiəm/[۱]
pray-zee-ə-DIM-ee-əm
Appearancegrayish white
Praseodymium په دوراني جدول کې
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Nihonium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Moscovium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)
Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)


Pr

Pa
ceriumpraseodymiumneodymium
اټومي شمیره (Z)59
گروپ, پیریودgroup n/a, period 6
بلاکf-block
Element category  lanthanide
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)کينډۍ:Val[۲]
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f3 6s2
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى1208 K ​(935 °C, ​1715 °F)
يشنا ټکی3403 K ​(3130 °C, ​5666 °F)
Density near r.t.6.77 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.6.50 g/cm3
Heat of fusion6.89 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization331 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity27.20 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1771 1973 (2227) (2571) (3054) (3779)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states5, 4, 3, 2 ​(a mildly basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.13
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 527 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1020 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2086 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 182 pm
Covalent radius203±7 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structuredouble hexagonal close-packed (dhcp)
Double hexagonal close packed crystal structure for praseodymium
Double hexagonal close packed crystal structure for praseodymium
Speed of sound thin rod2280 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansionα, poly: 6.7 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه12.5 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivityα, poly: 0.700 µΩ·m (at r.t.)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[۳]
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)+5010.0·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[۴]
Young's modulusα form: 37.3 GPa
Shear modulusα form: 14.8 GPa
Bulk modulusα form: 28.8 GPa
Poisson ratioα form: 0.281
Vickers hardness250–745 MPa
Brinell hardness250–640 MPa
CAS Number7440-10-0
History
DiscoveryCarl Auer von Welsbach (1885)
Main isotopes of praseodymium
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
141Pr 100% stable

کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2

143Pr syn 13.57 d β 143Nd
| references | in Wikidata

پراسيوديموميم (په انگرېزي: Praseodymium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Pr سمبول او ۵۹ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

مشخصات

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تاریخچه

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مرکبات

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د استعمال ځایونه

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سرچينې

[سمول]
  1. کينډۍ:OED
  2. Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  3. Jackson, M. (2000). "Magnetism of Rare Earth" (PDF). The IRM quarterly. 10 (3): 1.
  4. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.