لانتېنيوم

Lanthanum, ₅₇La
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈlænθənəm/
Appearance	silvery white
Lanthanum په دوراني جدول کې
barium ← lanthanum → cerium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	57
گروپ, پیریود	group 3, period 6
بلاک	d-block
Element category	lanthanide, sometimes considered a transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Xe] 5d1 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	1193 K (920 °C, 1688 °F)
يشنا ټکی	3737 K (3464 °C, 6267 °F)
Density near r.t.	6.162 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	5.94 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	6.20 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	400 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27.11 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	3, 2, 1 (a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.10
Ionization energies	1st: 538.1 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1067 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 1850.3 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 187 pm
Covalent radius	207±8 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) Double hexagonal close packed crystal structure for lanthanum
Speed of sound thin rod	2475 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	α, poly: 12.1 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	13.4 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	α, poly: 615 nΩ·m (at r.t.)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+118.0·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	α form: 36.6 GPa
Shear modulus	α form: 14.3 GPa
Bulk modulus	α form: 27.9 GPa
Poisson ratio	α form: 0.280
Mohs hardness	2.5
Vickers hardness	360–1750 MPa
Brinell hardness	350–400 MPa
CAS Number	7439-91-0
History
Discovery	Carl Gustaf Mosander (1838)
Main isotopes of lanthanum
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لانتېنيوم (په انگرېزي: Lanthanum) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د La سمبول او ۵v اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml.
↑ Lide, D. R., المحرر (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (الطبعة 86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0486-5. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. د کتاب پاڼي E110. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0464-4. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml.

[magnet-2] Lide, D. R., المحرر (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (الطبعة 86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0486-5. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)

[3] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. د کتاب پاڼي E110. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0464-4. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)

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