Thorium, 90 Th
عمومي خواص Pronunciation
/ ˈ θ ɔər i ə m / THAWR -ee-əm Appearance
silvery, often with black tarnish Thorium په دوراني جدول کې
اټومي شمیره (Z )
90 گروپ , پیریود
group n/a , period 7 بلاک
f-block Element category
actinide معياري اټومي وزن (A r )
کينډۍ:Val [۱] Electron configuration
[Rn ] 6d2 7s2 Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2 فزیکي خواص حالت (at STP )
جامد دويلې کيدو ټکى
2023 K (1750 °C, 3182 °F) يشنا ټکی
5061 K (4788 °C, 8650 °F) Density near r.t.
11.7 g/cm3 Heat of fusion
13.81 kJ/mol Heat of vaporisation
514 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity
26.230 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
2633
2907
3248
3683
4259
5055
اټومي خواص Oxidation states
4 , 3, 2, 1 (a weakly basic oxide) Electronegativity
Pauling scale: 1.3 Ionisation energies
1st: 587 kJ/mol 2nd: 1110 kJ/mol 3rd: 1930 kJ/mol Atomic radius
empirical: 179.8 pm Covalent radius
206±6 pm Miscellanea Crystal structure
face-centred cubic (fcc) Speed of sound thin rod
2490 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion
11.0 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) د تودوخې تېرېدنه
54.0 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity
157 nΩ·m (at 0 °C) Magnetic ordering
paramagnetic [۲] Magnetic susceptibility (χ mol )
132.0·10−6 cm3 /mol (293 K)[۳] Young's modulus
79 GPa Shear modulus
31 GPa Bulk modulus
54 GPa Poisson ratio
0.27 Mohs hardness
3.0 Vickers hardness
295–685 MPa Brinell hardness
390–1500 MPa CAS Number
7440-29-1 History Naming
after Thor , the Norse god of thunder Discovery
Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1829) Main isotopes of thorium
| references | in Wikidata
توريوم (په انگرېزي : Thorium ) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Th سمبول او ۹۰ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.
تاریخچه [ سمول ]
د استعمال ځایونه [ سمول ]
↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi :10.1515/pac-2015-0305 . https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml .
↑ Lide, D. R., ed (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds" . CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). CRC Press. p. 4-135. ISBN 978-0-8493-0486-6 . http://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf .
↑ Weast, R. (1984). [اصطلاحي تېروتنه: د ناپېژندلې ليکنښې لوښه "۱". CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics ]. Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. p. E110. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4 .
دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.