کرېپټون

د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا
Krypton,  36Kr
A krypton-filled discharge tube glowing white
Spectral lines of krypton
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation /ˈkrɪptɒn/
KRIP-ton
Appearancecolorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in an electric field
Krypton په دوراني جدول کې
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Nihonium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Moscovium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)
Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)
Ar

Kr

Xe
brominekryptonrubidium
اټومي شمیره (Z)36
گروپ, پیریودgroup 18 (noble gases), period 4
بلاکp-block
Element category  noble gas
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)کينډۍ:Val[۱]
Electron configuration[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 8
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)گاز
دويلې کيدو ټکى115.78 K ​(−157.37 °C, ​−251.27 °F)
يشنا ټکی119.93 K ​(−153.415 °C, ​−244.147 °F)
کثافت (at STP)3.749 g/L
when liquid, at b.p.2.413 g/cm3[۲]
Triple point115.775 K, ​73.53 kPa[۳][۴]
Critical point209.48 K, 5.525 MPa[۴]
Heat of fusion1.64 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization9.08 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity20.95[۵] J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 59 65 74 84 99 120
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states2, 1, 0 ​(rarely more than 0; unknown oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 3.00
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1350.8 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2350.4 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3565 kJ/mol
Covalent radius116±4 pm
Van der Waals radius202 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structureface-centered cubic (fcc)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for krypton
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for krypton
Speed of sound(gas, 23 °C) 220 m·s−1
(liquid) 1120 m/s
د تودوخې تېرېدنه9.43×10−3  W/(m·K)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[۶]
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)−28.8·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[۷]
CAS Number7439-90-9
History
Discovery and first isolationWilliam Ramsay and Morris Travers (1898)
Main isotopes of krypton
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
78Kr 0.36% 9.2×1021 y[۸] εε 78Se

کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay3

80Kr 2.29% stable

کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2

82Kr 11.59% stable
83Kr 11.50% stable
84Kr 56.99% stable
85Kr syn 11 y β 85Rb
86Kr 17.28% stable
| references | in Wikidata

کرېپټون (په انگرېزي: Krypton) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Kr سمبول او ۳۶ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

مشخصات[سمول]

تاریخچه[سمول]

مرکبات[سمول]

د استعمال ځایونه[سمول]

سرچينې[سمول]

  1. Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml. 
  2. Krypton. encyclopedia.airliquide.com
  3. "Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Melting, boiling, triple, and critical temperatures of the elements". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (الطبعة 85th). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 2005. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  4. ۴٫۰ ۴٫۱ کينډۍ:RubberBible92nd
  5. Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). "Noble Gases". Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. pp. 343–383. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0701190508230114.a01.
  6. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., المحرر (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (الطبعة 86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0486-5. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  7. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. د کتاب پاڼي E110. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0464-4. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  8. Patrignani, C. (2016). [اصطلاحي تېروتنه: د ناپېژندلې ليکنښې لوښه "۱". "Review of Particle Physics"]. Chinese Physics C 40 (10): 100001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/40/10/100001.  See p. 768

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