اوسميوم

Osmium, ₇₆Os
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈɒzmiəm/ ; OZ-mee-əm
Appearance	silvery, blue cast
Osmium په دوراني جدول کې
rhenium ← osmium → iridium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	76
گروپ, پیریود	group 8, period 6
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	3306 K (3033 °C, 5491 °F)
يشنا ټکی	5285 K (5012 °C, 9054 °F)
Density near r.t.	22.59 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	20 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	31 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	378 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.7 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −2, −4 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.2
Ionization energies	1st: 840 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1600 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 135 pm
Covalent radius	144±4 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for osmium
Speed of sound thin rod	4940 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	5.1 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	87.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	81.2 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+9.9·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Shear modulus	222 GPa
Bulk modulus	462 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.25
Mohs hardness	7.0
Brinell hardness	3490–4000 MPa
CAS Number	7440-04-2
History
Discovery and first isolation	Smithson Tennant (1803)
Main isotopes of osmium
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اوسميوم (په انگرېزي: Osmium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Os سمبول او v۶ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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سرچينې

↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[2] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[3] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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