کلسيوم

Calcium, ₂₀Ca
	Spectral lines of calcium
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈkælsiəm/ ; KAL-see-əm
Appearance	dull gray, silver; with a pale yellow tint
Calcium په دوراني جدول کې
potassium ← calcium → scandium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	20
گروپ, پیریود	group 2 (alkaline earth metals), period 4
بلاک	s-block
Element category	alkaline earth metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Ar] 4s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 8, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	1115 K (842 °C, 1548 °F)
يشنا ټکی	1757 K (1484 °C, 2703 °F)
Density near r.t.	1.55 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	1.378 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	8.54 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporisation	154.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.929 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	+2, +1 (a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.00
Ionisation energies	1st: 589.8 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1145.4 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 4912.4 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 197 pm
Covalent radius	176±10 pm
Van der Waals radius	231 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	face-centred cubic (fcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	3810 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	22.3 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	201 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	33.6 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+40.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	20 GPa
Shear modulus	7.4 GPa
Bulk modulus	17 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.31
Mohs hardness	1.75
Brinell hardness	170–416 MPa
CAS Number	7440-70-2
History
Discovery and first isolation	Humphry Davy (1808)
Main isotopes of calcium
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کلسيوم (په انگرېزي: Calcium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Ca سمبول او ۲۰ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

مشخصات[سمول]

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د استعمال ځایونه[سمول]

سرچينې[سمول]

↑ کينډۍ:Greenwood&Earnshaw
↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml.
↑ Krieck, Sven; Görls, Helmar; Westerhausen, Matthias (2010). [اصطلاحي تېروتنه: د ناپېژندلې ليکنښې لوښه "۱". "Mechanistic Elucidation of the Formation of the Inverse Ca(I) Sandwich Complex [(thf)3Ca(μ-C6H3-1,3,5-Ph3)Ca(thf)3] and Stability of Aryl-Substituted Phenylcalcium Complexes"]. Journal of the American Chemical Society 132 (35): 12492–12501. doi:10.1021/ja105534w. PMID 20718434.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). [اصطلاحي تېروتنه: د ناپېژندلې ليکنښې لوښه "۱". CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[1] کينډۍ:Greenwood&Earnshaw

[CIAAW2016-2] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml.

[West-3] Krieck, Sven; Görls, Helmar; Westerhausen, Matthias (2010). [اصطلاحي تېروتنه: د ناپېژندلې ليکنښې لوښه "۱". "Mechanistic Elucidation of the Formation of the Inverse Ca(I) Sandwich Complex [(thf)3Ca(μ-C6H3-1,3,5-Ph3)Ca(thf)3] and Stability of Aryl-Substituted Phenylcalcium Complexes"]. Journal of the American Chemical Society 132 (35): 12492–12501. doi:10.1021/ja105534w. PMID 20718434.

[4] Weast, Robert (1984). [اصطلاحي تېروتنه: د ناپېژندلې ليکنښې لوښه "۱". CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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کلسيوم

نيوليک

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