انډيوم

Indium, ₄₉In
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈɪndiəm/ ; IN-dee-əm
Appearance	silvery lustrous gray
Indium په دوراني جدول کې
cadmium ← indium → tin	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	49
گروپ, پیریود	group 13 (boron group), period 5
بلاک	p-block
Element category	post-transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 3
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	429.7485 K (156.5985 °C, 313.8773 °F)
يشنا ټکی	2345 K (2072 °C, 3762 °F)
Density near r.t.	7.31 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	7.02 g/cm3
Triple point	429.7445 K, ~1 kPa
Heat of fusion	3.281 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	231.8 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.74 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −5 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.78
Ionization energies	1st: 558.3 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1820.7 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2704 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 167 pm
Covalent radius	142±5 pm
Van der Waals radius	193 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	tetragonal Tetragonal crystal structure for indium
Speed of sound thin rod	1215 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	32.1 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	81.8 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	83.7 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	−64.0·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	11 GPa
Mohs hardness	1.2
Brinell hardness	8.8–10.0 MPa
CAS Number	7440-74-6
History
Discovery	Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter (1863)
First isolation	Hieronymous Theodor Richter (1864)
Main isotopes of indium
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انډيوم (په انگرېزي: Indium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د In سمبول او ۴۹ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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د استعمال ځایونه

سرچينې

↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ Mangum, B. W. (1989). "Determination of the Indium Freezing-point and Triple-point Temperatures". Metrologia. 26 (4): 211. Bibcode:1989Metro..26..211M. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/26/4/001.
↑ Guloy, A. M.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of Two Lanthanum Indium Germanides with Novel Structures and Properties". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (9): 2616–22. doi:10.1021/ic951378e.
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[2] Mangum, B. W. (1989). "Determination of the Indium Freezing-point and Triple-point Temperatures". Metrologia. 26 (4): 211. Bibcode:1989Metro..26..211M. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/26/4/001.

[3] Guloy, A. M.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of Two Lanthanum Indium Germanides with Novel Structures and Properties". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (9): 2616–22. doi:10.1021/ic951378e.

[4] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[5] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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