بورون
(له Boron نه مخ گرځېدلی)
![]() boron (β-rhombohedral)[۱] | ||||||||||||||||
عمومي خواص | ||||||||||||||||
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Pronunciation | /ˈbɔərɒn/ | |||||||||||||||
Allotropes | α-, β-rhombohedral, β-tetragonal (and more) | |||||||||||||||
Appearance | black-brown | |||||||||||||||
Boron په دوراني جدول کې | ||||||||||||||||
اټومي شمیره (Z) | 5 | |||||||||||||||
گروپ, پیریود | group 13 (boron group), period 2 | |||||||||||||||
بلاک | p-block | |||||||||||||||
Element category | metalloid | |||||||||||||||
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar) |
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Electron configuration | [He] 2s2 2p1 | |||||||||||||||
Electrons per shell | 2, 3 | |||||||||||||||
فزیکي خواص | ||||||||||||||||
حالت (at STP) | جامد | |||||||||||||||
دويلې کيدو ټکى | 2349 K (2076 °C, 3769 °F) | |||||||||||||||
يشنا ټکی | 4200 K (3927 °C, 7101 °F) | |||||||||||||||
Density when liquid, at m.p. | 2.08 g/cm3 | |||||||||||||||
Heat of fusion | 50.2 kJ/mol | |||||||||||||||
Heat of vaporization | 508 kJ/mol | |||||||||||||||
Molar heat capacity | 11.087 J/(mol·K) | |||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
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اټومي خواص | ||||||||||||||||
Oxidation states | 3, 2, 1, −1, −5[۳][۴] (a mildly acidic oxide) | |||||||||||||||
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.04 | |||||||||||||||
Ionization energies |
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Atomic radius | empirical: 90 pm | |||||||||||||||
Covalent radius | 84±3 pm | |||||||||||||||
Van der Waals radius | 192 pm | |||||||||||||||
Miscellanea | ||||||||||||||||
Crystal structure | rhombohedral | |||||||||||||||
Speed of sound thin rod | 16,200 m/s (at 20 °C) | |||||||||||||||
Thermal expansion | β form: 5–7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)[۵] | |||||||||||||||
د تودوخې تېرېدنه | 27.4 W/(m·K) | |||||||||||||||
Electrical resistivity | ~106 Ω·m (at 20 °C) | |||||||||||||||
Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[۶] | |||||||||||||||
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol) | −6.7·10−6 cm3/mol[۷] | |||||||||||||||
Mohs hardness | ~9.5 | |||||||||||||||
CAS Number | 7440-42-8 | |||||||||||||||
History | ||||||||||||||||
Discovery | Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard[۸] (30 June 1808) | |||||||||||||||
First isolation | Humphry Davy[۹] (9 July 1808) | |||||||||||||||
Main isotopes of boron | ||||||||||||||||
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10B content may be as low as 19.1% and as high as 20.3% in natural samples. 11B is the remainder in such cases.[۱۱] | ||||||||||||||||
بورون (په انگرېزي: Boron) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د B سمبول او ۵ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.
مشخصات[سمول]
تاریخچه[سمول]
مرکبات[سمول]
د استعمال ځایونه[سمول]
سرچينې[سمول]
- ↑ Van Setten et al. 2007, pp. 2460–1
- ↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml.
- ↑ Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF". J. Molecular Spectroscopy 170: 82. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058. Bibcode: 1995JMoSp.170...82Z. http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/125.pdf.
- ↑ کينډۍ:Cite article
- ↑ Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (October 1973). [اصطلاحي تېروتنه: د ناپېژندلې ليکنښې لوښه "۱". "Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron"]. High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.
- ↑ Lide, David R. (ed.) (2000). Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF). CRC press. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0849304814. الوسيط
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تم تجاهله (مساعدة)صيانة CS1: نص إضافي: قائمة المؤلفون (link) - ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. د کتاب پاڼي E110. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0464-4. الوسيط
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تم تجاهله (مساعدة) - ↑ Gay Lussac, J.L.; Thenard, L.J. (1808). "Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique". Annales de chimie 68: 169–174. http://books.google.com/books?id=e6Aw616K5ysC&pg=PA169.
- ↑ Davy H (1809). "An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 99: 39–104. doi:10.1098/rstl.1809.0005. http://books.google.com/books?id=gpwEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA140.
- ↑ ۱۰٫۰ ۱۰٫۱ "Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements". National Institute of Standards and Technology. د لاسرسينېټه ۲۱ سپټمبر ۲۰۰۸. الوسيط
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تم تجاهله (مساعدة) - ↑ Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. (1990). [اصطلاحي تېروتنه: د ناپېژندلې ليکنښې لوښه "۱". "Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method"]. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219.
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