د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا
Silicon, 14Si |
 Spectral lines of silicon |
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| Pronunciation | /ˈsɪlɪkən/ or /ˈsɪlɪkɒn/
SIL-IK-ən or SIL-IK-on |
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| Appearance | crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces |
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| اټومي شمیره (Z) | 14 |
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| گروپ, پیریود | group 14 (carbon group), period 3 |
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| بلاک | p-block |
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| Element category | metalloid |
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| معياري اټومي وزن (Ar) | - [28.084, 28.086][۱]
- conventional: 28.085
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| Electron configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 4 |
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| حالت (at STP) | جامد |
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| دويلې کيدو ټکى | 1687 K (1414 °C, 2577 °F) |
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| يشنا ټکی | 3538 K (3265 °C, 5909 °F) |
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| Density near r.t. | 2.3290 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid, at m.p. | 2.57 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 50.21 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of vaporization | 383 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 19.789 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
| P (Pa)
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1
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10
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100
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1 k
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10 k
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100 k
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| at T (K)
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1908
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2102
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2339
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2636
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3021
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3537
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| Oxidation states | 4, 3, 2, 1[۲] −1, −2, −3, −4 (an amphoteric oxide) |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.90 |
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| Ionization energies | - 1st: 786.5 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1577.1 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 3231.6 kJ/mol
- (more)
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 111 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 111 pm |
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| Van der Waals radius | 210 pm |
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| Crystal structure | face-centered diamond-cubic Diamond cubic crystal structure for silicon |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 8433 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | 2.6 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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| د تودوخې تېرېدنه | 149 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 2.3کينډۍ:E Ω·m (at 20 °C)[۳] |
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| Band gap | 1.12 eV (at 300 K) |
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| Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[۴] |
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| Magnetic susceptibility (χmol) | −3.9·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[۵] |
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| Young's modulus | 130–188 GPa[۶] |
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| Shear modulus | 51–80 GPa[۶] |
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| Bulk modulus | 97.6 GPa[۶] |
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| Poisson ratio | 0.064–0.28[۶] |
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| Mohs hardness | 7 |
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| CAS Number | 7440-21-3 |
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| Naming | after Latin 'silex' or 'silicis', meaning flint |
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| Prediction | Antoine Lavoisier (1787) |
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| Discovery and first isolation | Jöns Jacob Berzelius[۷][۸] (1823) |
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| Named by | Thomas Thomson (1817) |
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| | references | in Wikidata |
سېلېکان (په انگرېزي: Silicon) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Si سمبول او ۱۴ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in کينډۍ:RubberBible86th
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- ↑ ۶٫۰ ۶٫۱ ۶٫۲ ۶٫۳ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
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 دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.
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