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Cadmium, 48 Cd Pronunciation / ˈ k æ d m i ə m / KAD -mee-əmAppearance silvery bluish-gray metallic اټومي شمیره (Z ) 48 گروپ , پیریود group 12 , period 5 بلاک d-block Element category transition metal , alternatively considered a post-transition metal معياري اټومي وزن (A r ) کينډۍ:Val [۱] Electron configuration [Kr ] 4d10 5s2 Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 18, 2 حالت (at STP ) جامد دويلې کيدو ټکى 594.22 K (321.07 °C, 609.93 °F) يشنا ټکی 1040 K (767 °C, 1413 °F) Density near r.t. 8.65 g/cm3 when liquid, at m.p. 7.996 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 6.21 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 99.87 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 26.020 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
530
583
654
745
867
1040
Oxidation states 2 , 1, −2 (a mildly basic oxide)Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.69 Ionization energies 1st: 867.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1631.4 kJ/mol 3rd: 3616 kJ/mol Atomic radius empirical: 151 pm Covalent radius 144±9 pm Van der Waals radius 158 pm Crystal structure hexagonal close-packed (hcp)Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for cadmium Speed of sound thin rod 2310 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion 30.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) د تودوخې تېرېدنه 96.6 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity 72.7 nΩ·m (at 22 °C) Magnetic ordering diamagnetic [۲] Magnetic susceptibility (χ mol ) −19.8·10−6 cm3 /mol[۳] Young's modulus 50 GPa Shear modulus 19 GPa Bulk modulus 42 GPa Poisson ratio 0.30 Mohs hardness 2.0 Brinell hardness 203–220 MPa CAS Number 7440-43-9 Discovery and first isolationKarl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer (1817)Named by Friedrich Stromeyer (1817)
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کادميوم (په انگرېزي : Cadmium ) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Cd سمبول او ۴۸ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.
تاریخچه [ سمول ]
د استعمال ځایونه [ سمول ]
↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi :10.1515/pac-2015-0305 . https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml .
↑ Lide, D. R., المحرر (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (الطبعة 86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0486-5 .
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. د کتاب پاڼي E110. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0464-4 .
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