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Palladium, 46 Pd Pronunciation / p ə ˈ l eɪ d i ə m / pə-LAY -dee-əm Appearance silvery white اټومي شمیره (Z ) 46 گروپ , پیریود group 10 , period 5 بلاک d-block Element category transition metal معياري اټومي وزن (A r ) کينډۍ:Val [۱] Electron configuration [Kr ] 4d10 Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 18 حالت (at STP ) جامد دويلې کيدو ټکى 1828.05 K (1554.9 °C, 2830.82 °F) يشنا ټکی 3236 K (2963 °C, 5365 °F) Density near r.t. 12.023 g/cm3 when liquid, at m.p. 10.38 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 16.74 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 358 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 25.98 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1721
1897
2117
2395
2753
3234
Oxidation states 0, +1, +2 , +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)Electronegativity Pauling scale: 2.20 Ionization energies 1st: 804.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1870 kJ/mol 3rd: 3177 kJ/mol Atomic radius empirical: 137 pm Covalent radius 139±6 pm Van der Waals radius 163 pm Crystal structure face-centered cubic (fcc)Face-centered cubic crystal structure for palladium Speed of sound thin rod 3070 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion 11.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) د تودوخې تېرېدنه 71.8 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity 105.4 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic [۲] Magnetic susceptibility (χ mol ) +567.4·10−6 cm3 /mol (288 K)[۳] Young's modulus 121 GPa Shear modulus 44 GPa Bulk modulus 180 GPa Poisson ratio 0.39 Mohs hardness 4.75 Vickers hardness 400–600 MPa Brinell hardness 320–610 MPa CAS Number 7440-05-3 Naming after asteroid Pallas , itself named after Pallas Athena Discovery and first isolationWilliam Hyde Wollaston (1803)
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پلاديوم (په انگرېزي : Palladium ) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Pd سمبول او ۴۶ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.
تاریخچه [ سمول ]
د استعمال ځایونه [ سمول ]
↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi :10.1515/pac-2015-0305 . https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml .
↑ Lide, D. R., المحرر (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (الطبعة 86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0486-5 .
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. د کتاب پاڼي E110. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0464-4 .
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