پلاديوم

Palladium, ₄₆Pd
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/pəˈleɪdiəm/ ; pə-LAY-dee-əm
Appearance	silvery white
Palladium په دوراني جدول کې
rhodium ← palladium → silver	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	46
گروپ, پیریود	group 10, period 5
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d10
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	1828.05 K (1554.9 °C, 2830.82 °F)
يشنا ټکی	3236 K (2963 °C, 5365 °F)
Density near r.t.	12.023 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	10.38 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	16.74 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	358 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.98 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.20
Ionization energies	1st: 804.4 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1870 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 3177 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 137 pm
Covalent radius	139±6 pm
Van der Waals radius	163 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	face-centered cubic (fcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	3070 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	11.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	71.8 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	105.4 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+567.4·10−6 cm3/mol (288 K)
Young's modulus	121 GPa
Shear modulus	44 GPa
Bulk modulus	180 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.39
Mohs hardness	4.75
Vickers hardness	400–600 MPa
Brinell hardness	320–610 MPa
CAS Number	7440-05-3
History
Naming	after asteroid Pallas, itself named after Pallas Athena
Discovery and first isolation	William Hyde Wollaston (1803)
Main isotopes of palladium
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پلاديوم (په انگرېزي: Palladium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Pd سمبول او ۴۶ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml.
↑ Lide, D. R., المحرر (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (الطبعة 86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0486-5. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. د کتاب پاڼي E110. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0464-4. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml.

[2] Lide, D. R., المحرر (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (الطبعة 86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0486-5. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)

[3] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. د کتاب پاڼي E110. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0464-4. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)

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