ټېن

Tin, ₅₀Sn
	left: white, beta, β; right: gray, alpha, α
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈtɪn/ ; TIN
Allotropes	alpha, α (gray); beta, β (white)
Appearance	silvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α)
Tin په دوراني جدول کې
indium ← tin → antimony	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	50
گروپ, پیریود	group 14 (carbon group), period 5
بلاک	p-block
Element category	post-transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 4
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	505.08 K (231.93 °C, 449.47 °F)
يشنا ټکی	2875 K (2602 °C, 4716 °F)
Density near r.t.	white, β: 7.265 g/cm3 ; gray, α: 5.769 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	6.99 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	white, β: 7.03 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	white, β: 296.1 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	white, β: 27.112 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −3, −4 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.96
Ionization energies	1st: 708.6 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1411.8 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2943.0 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 140 pm
Covalent radius	139±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	217 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	tetragonal Tetragonal crystal structure for tin; white (β)
Crystal structure	face-centered diamond-cubic Diamond cubic crystal structure for tin; gray (α)
Speed of sound thin rod	2730 m/s (at r.t.) (rolled)
Thermal expansion	22.0 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	66.8 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	115 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	gray: diamagnetic; white (β): paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	(white) +3.1·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	50 GPa
Shear modulus	18 GPa
Bulk modulus	58 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.36
Brinell hardness	50–440 MPa
CAS Number	7440-31-5
History
Discovery	around 3500 BC
Main isotopes of tin
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ټېن (په انگرېزي: Tin) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Sn سمبول او ۵۰ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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د استعمال ځایونه

سرچينې

↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ "SnH3". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institure of Standards and Technology. بياځلي په 23 January 2013.
↑ "HSn". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institute of Standards and Technology. بياځلي په 23 January 2013.
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[2] "SnH3". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institure of Standards and Technology. بياځلي په 23 January 2013.

[3] "HSn". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institute of Standards and Technology. بياځلي په 23 January 2013.

[4] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[5] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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