يوروپيوم

Europium, ₆₃Eu
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/jʊˈroʊpiəm/ ; ew-ROH-pee-əm
Appearance	silvery white, with a pale yellow tint; but rarely seen without oxide discoloration
Europium په دوراني جدول کې
samarium ← europium → gadolinium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	63
گروپ, پیریود	group n/a, period 6
بلاک	f-block
Element category	lanthanide
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f7 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	1099 K (826 °C, 1519 °F)
يشنا ټکی	1802 K (1529 °C, 2784 °F)
Density near r.t.	5.264 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	5.13 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	9.21 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	176 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27.66 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	3, 2, 1 (a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.2
Ionization energies	1st: 547.1 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1085 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2404 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius	198±6 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	body-centered cubic (bcc) Body-centered cubic crystal structure for europium
Thermal expansion	poly: 35.0 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	est. 13.9 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	poly: 0.900 µΩ·m (at r.t.)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+34,000.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	18.2 GPa
Shear modulus	7.9 GPa
Bulk modulus	8.3 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.152
Vickers hardness	165–200 MPa
CAS Number	7440-53-1
History
Naming	after Europe
Discovery and first isolation	Eugène-Anatole Demarçay (1896, 1901)
Main isotopes of europium
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يوروپيوم (په انگرېزي: Europium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Eu سمبول او ۶۳ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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سرچينې

↑ کينډۍ:Greenwood&Earnshaw
↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[1] کينډۍ:Greenwood&Earnshaw

[CIAAW2016-2] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[magnet-3] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[4] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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