موليبډينوم

د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا
Molybdenum,  42Mo
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation /ˌmɒlɪbˈdnəm/ or /məˈlɪbdɪnəm/
MOL-ib-DEE-nəm or -LIB-DIN-əm
Appearancegray metallic
Molybdenum په دوراني جدول کې
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Nihonium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Moscovium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)
Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)
Cr

Mo

W
niobiummolybdenumtechnetium
اټومي شمیره (Z)42
گروپ, پیریودgroup 6, period 5
بلاکd-block
Element category  transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)کينډۍ:Val[۱]
Electron configuration[Kr] 4d5 5s1
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 13, 1
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى2896 K ​(2623 °C, ​4753 °F)
يشنا ټکی4912 K ​(4639 °C, ​8382 °F)
Density near r.t.10.28 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.9.33 g/cm3
Heat of fusion37.48 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization598 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.06 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 2742 2994 3312 3707 4212 4879
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1,[۲] −1, −2, −4 ​(a strongly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.16
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 684.3 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1560 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2618 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius154±5 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structurebody-centered cubic (bcc)
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for molybdenum
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for molybdenum
Speed of sound thin rod5400 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion4.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه138 W/(m·K)
Thermal diffusivity54.3 mm2/s (at 300 K)[۳]
Electrical resistivity53.4 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[۴]
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)+89.0·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[۵]
Young's modulus329 GPa
Shear modulus126 GPa
Bulk modulus230 GPa
Poisson ratio0.31
Mohs hardness5.5
Vickers hardness1400–2740 MPa
Brinell hardness1370–2500 MPa
CAS Number7439-98-7
History
DiscoveryCarl Wilhelm Scheele (1778)
First isolationPeter Jacob Hjelm (1781)
Main isotopes of molybdenum
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
92Mo 14.65% stable
93Mo syn 4×103 y ε 93Nb
94Mo 9.19% stable
95Mo 15.87% stable
96Mo 16.67% stable
97Mo 9.58% stable
98Mo 24.29% stable

کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2

100Mo 9.74% 7.8×1018 y ββ 100Ru
| references | in Wikidata

موليبډينوم (په انگرېزي: Molybdenum) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Mo سمبول او ۴۲ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

مشخصات[سمول]

تاریخچه[سمول]

مرکبات[سمول]

د استعمال ځایونه[سمول]

سرچينې[سمول]

  1. Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml. 
  2. "Molybdenum: molybdenum(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. د لاسرسي‌نېټه ۱۰ ډيسمبر ۲۰۰۷. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  3. Lindemann, A.; Blumm, J. (2009). Measurement of the Thermophysical Properties of Pure Molybdenum. 3. 17th Plansee Seminar. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  4. Lide, D. R., المحرر (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (الطبعة 86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0486-5. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  5. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. د کتاب پاڼي E110. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0464-4. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)

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