موليبډينوم

Molybdenum, ₄₂Mo
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˌmɒlɪbˈdiːnəm/ or /məˈlɪbdɪnəm/ ; MOL-ib-DEE-nəm or MƏ-LIB-DIN-əm
Appearance	gray metallic
Molybdenum په دوراني جدول کې
niobium ← molybdenum → technetium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	42
گروپ, پیریود	group 6, period 5
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d5 5s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 13, 1
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	2896 K (2623 °C, 4753 °F)
يشنا ټکی	4912 K (4639 °C, 8382 °F)
Density near r.t.	10.28 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	9.33 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	37.48 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	598 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.06 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −4 (a strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.16
Ionization energies	1st: 684.3 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1560 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2618 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius	154±5 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	body-centered cubic (bcc) Body-centered cubic crystal structure for molybdenum
Speed of sound thin rod	5400 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	4.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	138 W/(m·K)
Thermal diffusivity	54.3 mm2/s (at 300 K)
Electrical resistivity	53.4 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+89.0·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	329 GPa
Shear modulus	126 GPa
Bulk modulus	230 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.31
Mohs hardness	5.5
Vickers hardness	1400–2740 MPa
Brinell hardness	1370–2500 MPa
CAS Number	7439-98-7
History
Discovery	Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1778)
First isolation	Peter Jacob Hjelm (1781)
Main isotopes of molybdenum
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موليبډينوم (په انگرېزي: Molybdenum) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Mo سمبول او ۴۲ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml.
↑ "Molybdenum: molybdenum(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. د لاسرسي‌نېټه ۱۰ ډيسمبر ۲۰۰۷. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
↑ Lindemann, A.; Blumm, J. (2009). Measurement of the Thermophysical Properties of Pure Molybdenum. 3. 17th Plansee Seminar. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
↑ Lide, D. R., المحرر (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (الطبعة 86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0486-5. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. د کتاب پاڼي E110. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0464-4. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml.

[2] "Molybdenum: molybdenum(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. د لاسرسي‌نېټه ۱۰ ډيسمبر ۲۰۰۷. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)

[3] Lindemann, A.; Blumm, J. (2009). Measurement of the Thermophysical Properties of Pure Molybdenum. 3. 17th Plansee Seminar. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)

[4] Lide, D. R., المحرر (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (الطبعة 86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0486-5. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)

[5] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. د کتاب پاڼي E110. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0464-4. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)

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