بېسموت

Bismuth, ₈₃Bi
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈbɪzməθ/ ; BIZ-məth
Appearance	lustrous brownish silver
Bismuth په دوراني جدول کې
lead ← bismuth → polonium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	83
گروپ, پیریود	group 15 (pnictogens), period 6
بلاک	p-block
Element category	post-transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	544.7 K (271.5 °C, 520.7 °F)
يشنا ټکی	1837 K (1564 °C, 2847 °F)
Density near r.t.	9.78 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	10.05 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	11.30 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	179 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.52 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −3 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.02
Ionization energies	1st: 703 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1610 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2466 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 156 pm
Covalent radius	148±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	207 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	rhombohedral Rhombohedral crystal structure for bismuth
Speed of sound thin rod	1790 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	13.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	7.97 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	1.29 µΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	−280.1·10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	32 GPa
Shear modulus	12 GPa
Bulk modulus	31 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.33
Mohs hardness	2.25
Brinell hardness	70–95 MPa
CAS Number	7440-69-9
History
Discovery	Claude François Geoffroy (1753)
Main isotopes of bismuth
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بېسموت (په انگرېزي: Bismuth) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Bi سمبول او ۸۳ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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سرچينې

↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ Cucka, P.; Barrett, C. S. (1962). "The crystal structure of Bi and of solid solutions of Pb, Sn, Sb and Te in Bi". Acta Crystallographica. 15 (9): 865. doi:10.1107/S0365110X62002297.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[str-2] Cucka, P.; Barrett, C. S. (1962). "The crystal structure of Bi and of solid solutions of Pb, Sn, Sb and Te in Bi". Acta Crystallographica. 15 (9): 865. doi:10.1107/S0365110X62002297.

[3] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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