ايتربيوم

Ytterbium, ₇₀Yb
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ɪˈtɜːrbiəm/ ; I-TUR-BEE-əm
Appearance	silvery white; with a pale yellow tint
Ytterbium په دوراني جدول کې
thulium ← ytterbium → lutetium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	70
گروپ, پیریود	group n/a, period 6
بلاک	f-block
Element category	lanthanide
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	1097 K (824 °C, 1515 °F)
يشنا ټکی	1469 K (1196 °C, 2185 °F)
Density near r.t.	6.90 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	6.21 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	7.66 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	129 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.74 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	3, 2, 1 (a basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.1 (?)
Ionization energies	1st: 603.4 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1174.8 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2417 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 176 pm
Covalent radius	187±8 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	face-centered cubic (fcc) Face-centered cubic crystal structure for ytterbium
Speed of sound thin rod	1590 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	β, poly: 26.3 µm/(m·K) (r.t.)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	38.5 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	β, poly: 0.250 µΩ·m (at r.t.)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+249.0·10−6 cm3/mol (2928 K)
Young's modulus	β form: 23.9 GPa
Shear modulus	β form: 9.9 GPa
Bulk modulus	β form: 30.5 GPa
Poisson ratio	β form: 0.207
Vickers hardness	205–250 MPa
Brinell hardness	340–440 MPa
CAS Number	7440-64-4
History
Naming	after Ytterby (Sweden), where it was mined
Discovery	Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1878)
First isolation	Carl Auer von Welsbach (1906)
Main isotopes of ytterbium
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ايتربيوم (په انگرېزي: Ytterbium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Yb سمبول او v۰ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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تاریخچه

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د استعمال ځایونه

سرچينې

↑ کينډۍ:Greenwood&Earnshaw
↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ "Standard Atomic Weights 2015". Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights. 12 October 2015. بياځلي په 18 February 2017.
↑ "Standard Atomic Weight of Ytterbium Revised". Chemistry International. October 2015. p. 26. doi:10.1515/ci-2015-0512. eISSN 0193-6484. ISSN 0193-6484.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[1] کينډۍ:Greenwood&Earnshaw

[CIAAW2016-2] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[CIAAW2015-3] "Standard Atomic Weights 2015". Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights. 12 October 2015. بياځلي په 18 February 2017.

[4] "Standard Atomic Weight of Ytterbium Revised". Chemistry International. October 2015. p. 26. doi:10.1515/ci-2015-0512. eISSN 0193-6484. ISSN 0193-6484.

[5] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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