فاسفورس

Phosphorus, ₁₅P
	waxy white (yellow cut), red (granules centre left, chunk centre right), and violet phosphorus
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈfɒsfərəs/ ; FOS-fər-əs
Appearance	Colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black
Abundance
in the Earth's crust	5.2 (taking silicon as 100)
Phosphorus په دوراني جدول کې
silicon ← phosphorus → sulfur	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	15
گروپ, پیریود	group 15 (pnictogens), period 3
بلاک	p-block
Element category	polyatomic nonmetal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 5
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
Density near r.t.	white: 1.823 g·cm−3; red: ≈ 2.2–2.34 g·cm−3; violet: 2.36 g·cm−3; black: 2.69 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	white: 0.66 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporisation	white: 51.9 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	white: 23.824 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −3 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.19
Ionisation energies	1st: 1011.8 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1907 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2914.1 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
Covalent radius	107±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	180 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	body-centred cubic (bcc) Bodycentredcubic crystal structure for phosphorus
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	white: 0.236 W/(m·K) ; black: 12.1 W/(m·K)
Magnetic ordering	white, red, violet, black: diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	−20.8·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)
Bulk modulus	white: 5 GPa; red: 11 GPa
CAS Number	7723-14-0 (red); 12185-10-3 (white)
History
Discovery	Hennig Brand (1669)
Recognised as an element by	Antoine Lavoisier (1777)
Main isotopes of phosphorus
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فاسفورس (په انگرېزي: Phosphorus) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د P سمبول او ۱۵ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

مشخصات

هیلیم ډیری ځانګړي ملکیتونه لري: د جوش ټیټ ، ټیټ کثافت ، ټیټ محلولیت ، لوړ حرارتي چالکتیا او غیر فعالیت

تاریخچه

فاسفورس د لومړي ځل لپاره په 1669 کې د آلمان په هامبورګ کې د هینیګ برانډ لخوا رامینځته شوی کله چې هغه تبخیر کړو ادرار او ګرم یې کړی پاتې شونې تر هغه وخته چې سور ګرم وي.. د فاسفورس بخارۍ راوتلې او هغه یې د اوبو لاندې قند کړېاو د 100 کلونو څخه ډیر وخت لپاره ډیری فاسفورس پدې ډول رامینځته شوی.

مرکبات

د خورا سوداګریز پلوه مهم فاسفورس مرکباتو کې آکسایډونه او اسیدونه دي.

د استعمال ځایونه فاسفورس د خوندیتوب تیلی( ډبی) په جوړولو کې کارول کیږي

سرچينې

<!doctype html><html itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/SearchResultsPage" lang="en"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta content="origin" name="referrer"><meta content="Anb2GUnhMjfTIX0D2a4a6NPAqPI5GaxxRAiF81XTjHJ2qK4E3Hw3VFM4eaJBgRzz45CNPt624audv+wHOJwfAAEAAABieyJvcmlnaW4iOiJodHRwczovL2dvb2dsZS5jb206NDQzIiwiZmVhdHVyZSI6IlRydXN0VG9rZW5zIiwiZXhwaXJ5IjoxNjI2MjIwNzk5LCJpc1N1YmRvbWFpbiI6dHJ1ZX0=" http-equiv="origin-trial"><title>phosphorus history - Google Search</title><script nonce="MwP4Guv0nuXdtXIMHwnSpA==">(function(){window.google={kEI:'fSUoYe7tLfyv0PEPhOm3iAY',kEXPI:'31',u:'b81a95e8',kBL:'2n4T'};google.sn='web';google.kHL='en';})();(function(){

↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744.
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
↑ cf. "Memoir on Combustion in General" Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences 1777, 592–600. from Henry Marshall Leicester and Herbert S. Klickstein, A Source Book in Chemistry 1400–1900 (New York: McGraw Hill, 1952)

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[2] Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744.

[3] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[4] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[5] . "Memoir on Combustion in General" Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences 1777, 592–600. from Henry Marshall Leicester and Herbert S. Klickstein, A Source Book in Chemistry 1400–1900 (New York: McGraw Hill, 1952)

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