بوهريوم

Bohrium, ₁₀₇Bh
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈbɔəriəm/
Bohrium په دوراني جدول کې
seaborgium ← bohrium → hassium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	107
گروپ, پیریود	group 7, period 7
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal
Mass number	270; (unconfirmed: 278) (most stable isotope)
Electron configuration	[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 13, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد (predicted)
Density near r.t.	37.1 g/cm3 (predicted)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	7, (5), (4), (3) (parenthesized oxidation states are predictions)
Ionization energies	1st: 742.9 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1688.5 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2566.5 kJ/mol ; (more) (all but first estimated);
Atomic radius	empirical: 128 pm (predicted)
Covalent radius	141 pm (estimated)
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Hexagonal close-packed crystal structure for bohrium; (predicted)
CAS Number	54037-14-8
History
Naming	after Niels Bohr
Discovery	Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (1981)
Main isotopes of bohrium
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بوهريوم (په انگرېزي: Bohrium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Bh سمبول او ۱۰v اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

مشخصات

تاریخچه

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د استعمال ځایونه

سرچينې

↑ Johnson, E.; Fricke, B.; Jacob, T.; Dong, C. Z.; Fritzsche, S.; Pershina, V. (2002). "Ionization potentials and radii of neutral and ionized species of elements 107 (bohrium) and 108 (hassium) from extended multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock calculations". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 116: 1862. Bibcode:2002JChPh.116.1862J. doi:10.1063/1.1430256.
↑ ^۲٫۰ ^۲٫۱ ^۲٫۲ ^۲٫۳ ^۲٫۴ Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1.
↑ ^۳٫۰ ^۳٫۱ Östlin, A.; Vitos, L. (2011). "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B. 84 (11). Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84k3104O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104.
↑ ^۴٫۰ ^۴٫۱ Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. نه اخيستل شوی 4 October 2013.
↑ Chemical Data. Bohrium - Bh, Royal Chemical Society
↑ Hofmann, S.; Heinz, S.; Mann, R.; Maurer, J.; Münzenberg, G.; Antalic, S.; Barth, W.; Burkhard, H. G.; Dahl, L.; Eberhardt, K.; Grzywacz, R.; Hamilton, J. H.; Henderson, R. A.; Kenneally, J. M.; Kindler, B.; Kojouharov, I.; Lang, R.; Lommel, B.; Miernik, K.; Miller, D.; Moody, K. J.; Morita, K.; Nishio, K.; Popeko, A. G.; Roberto, J. B.; Runke, J.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Saro, S.; Scheidenberger, C.; Schött, H. J.; Shaughnessy, D. A.; Stoyer, M. A.; Thörle-Popiesch, P.; Tinschert, K.; Trautmann, N.; Uusitalo, J.; Yeremin, A. V. (2016). "Review of even element super-heavy nuclei and search for element 120". The European Physics Journal A. 2016 (52). doi:10.1140/epja/i2016-16180-4.
↑ Oganessian, Yuri Ts.; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Bailey, P. D.; Benker, D. E.; Bennett, M. E.; Dmitriev, S. N.; Ezold, J. G.; Hamilton, J. H.; Henderson, R. A. (2010-04-09). "Synthesis of a New Element with Atomic Number Z=117". Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. 104 (142502). Bibcode:2010PhRvL.104n2502O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502. PMID 20481935. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help) (gives life-time of 1.3 min based on a single event; conversion to half-life is done by multiplying with ln(2).)
↑ FUSHE (2012). "Synthesis of SH-nuclei". نه اخيستل شوی August 12, 2016.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[ioniz-1] Johnson, E.; Fricke, B.; Jacob, T.; Dong, C. Z.; Fritzsche, S.; Pershina, V. (2002). "Ionization potentials and radii of neutral and ionized species of elements 107 (bohrium) and 108 (hassium) from extended multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock calculations". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 116: 1862. Bibcode:2002JChPh.116.1862J. doi:10.1063/1.1430256.

[Haire-2] ۲٫۰ ^۲٫۱ ^۲٫۲ ^۲٫۳ ^۲٫۴ Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1.

[hcp-3] ۳٫۰ ^۳٫۱ Östlin, A.; Vitos, L. (2011). "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B. 84 (11). Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84k3104O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104.

[BFricke-4] ۴٫۰ ^۴٫۱ Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. نه اخيستل شوی 4 October 2013.

[rsc-5] Chemical Data. Bohrium - Bh, Royal Chemical Society

[Hofmann2016-6] Hofmann, S.; Heinz, S.; Mann, R.; Maurer, J.; Münzenberg, G.; Antalic, S.; Barth, W.; Burkhard, H. G.; Dahl, L.; Eberhardt, K.; Grzywacz, R.; Hamilton, J. H.; Henderson, R. A.; Kenneally, J. M.; Kindler, B.; Kojouharov, I.; Lang, R.; Lommel, B.; Miernik, K.; Miller, D.; Moody, K. J.; Morita, K.; Nishio, K.; Popeko, A. G.; Roberto, J. B.; Runke, J.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Saro, S.; Scheidenberger, C.; Schött, H. J.; Shaughnessy, D. A.; Stoyer, M. A.; Thörle-Popiesch, P.; Tinschert, K.; Trautmann, N.; Uusitalo, J.; Yeremin, A. V. (2016). "Review of even element super-heavy nuclei and search for element 120". The European Physics Journal A. 2016 (52). doi:10.1140/epja/i2016-16180-4.

[274Bh-7] Oganessian, Yuri Ts.; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Bailey, P. D.; Benker, D. E.; Bennett, M. E.; Dmitriev, S. N.; Ezold, J. G.; Hamilton, J. H.; Henderson, R. A. (2010-04-09). "Synthesis of a New Element with Atomic Number Z=117". Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. 104 (142502). Bibcode:2010PhRvL.104n2502O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502. PMID 20481935. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help) (gives life-time of 1.3 min based on a single event; conversion to half-life is done by multiplying with ln(2).)

[Bh271-8] FUSHE (2012). "Synthesis of SH-nuclei". نه اخيستل شوی August 12, 2016.

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