ردرفورديوم

Rutherfordium, ₁₀₄Rf
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˌrʌðərˈfɔrdiəm/ ; RUDH-ər-FOR-dee-əm
Rutherfordium په دوراني جدول کې
lawrencium ← rutherfordium → dubnium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	104
گروپ, پیریود	group 4, period 7
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal
Mass number	267 (most stable isotope)
Electron configuration	[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد (predicted)
دويلې کيدو ټکى	2400 K (2100 °C, 3800 °F) (predicted)
يشنا ټکی	5800 K (5500 °C, 9900 °F) (predicted)
Density near r.t.	23.2 g/cm3 (predicted)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	4, (3), (2) (parenthesized numbers are predictions)
Ionization energies	1st: 579.9 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1389.4 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2296.4 kJ/mol ; (more) (all but first estimated);
Atomic radius	empirical: 150 pm (estimated)
Covalent radius	157 pm (estimated)
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Hexagonal close-packed crystal structure for rutherfordium; (predicted)
CAS Number	53850-36-5
History
Naming	after Ernest Rutherford
Discovery	Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1964, 1969)
Main isotopes of rutherfordium
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ردرفورديوم (په انگرېزي: Rutherfordium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Rf سمبول او ۱۰۴ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

مشخصات

تاریخچه

مرکبات

د استعمال ځایونه

سرچينې

↑ ^۱٫۰ ^۱٫۱ ^۱٫۲ ^۱٫۳ ^۱٫۴ ^۱٫۵ ^۱٫۶ Chemical Data. Rutherfordium - Rf, Royal Chemical Society
↑ ^۲٫۰ ^۲٫۱ ^۲٫۲ ^۲٫۳ ^۲٫۴ ^۲٫۵ ^۲٫۶ ^۲٫۷ Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1.
↑ ^۳٫۰ ^۳٫۱ Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. بياځلي په 4 October 2013.
↑ Östlin, A.; Vitos, L. (2011). "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B. 84 (11). Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84k3104O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104.
↑ Ellison, P.; Gregorich, K.; Berryman, J.; Bleuel, D.; Clark, R.; Dragojević, I.; Dvorak, J.; Fallon, P.; Fineman-Sotomayor, C. (2010). "New Superheavy Element Isotopes: ²⁴²Pu(⁴⁸Ca,5n)²⁸⁵114". Physical Review Letters. 105 (18): 182701. Bibcode:2010PhRvL.105r2701E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.182701. PMID 21231101. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ http://cyclotron.tamu.edu/she2015/assets/pdfs/presentations/Utyonkov_SHE_2015_TAMU.pdf
↑ Utyonkov, V. K.; Brewer, N. T.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Dmitriev, S. N.; Grzywacz, R. K.; Itkis, M. G.; Miernik, K.; Polyakov, A. N.; Roberto, J. B.; Sagaidak, R. N.; Shirokovsky, I. V.; Shumeiko, M. V.; Tsyganov, Yu. S.; Voinov, A. A.; Subbotin, V. G.; Sukhov, A. M.; Sabel'nikov, A. V.; Vostokin, G. K.; Hamilton, J. H.; Stoyer, M. A.; Strauss, S. Y. (15 September 2015). "Experiments on the synthesis of superheavy nuclei ²⁸⁴Fl and ²⁸⁵Fl in the ^239,240Pu + ⁴⁸Ca reactions". Physical Review C. 92 (3). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.92.034609.
↑ Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named nuclidetable

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[rsc-1] ۱٫۰ ^۱٫۱ ^۱٫۲ ^۱٫۳ ^۱٫۴ ^۱٫۵ ^۱٫۶ Chemical Data. Rutherfordium - Rf, Royal Chemical Society

[Haire-2] ۲٫۰ ^۲٫۱ ^۲٫۲ ^۲٫۳ ^۲٫۴ ^۲٫۵ ^۲٫۶ ^۲٫۷ Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1.

[BFricke-3] ۳٫۰ ^۳٫۱ Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. بياځلي په 4 October 2013.

[hcp-4] Östlin, A.; Vitos, L. (2011). "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B. 84 (11). Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84k3104O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104.

[10El-5] Ellison, P.; Gregorich, K.; Berryman, J.; Bleuel, D.; Clark, R.; Dragojević, I.; Dvorak, J.; Fallon, P.; Fineman-Sotomayor, C. (2010). "New Superheavy Element Isotopes: ²⁴²Pu(⁴⁸Ca,5n)²⁸⁵114". Physical Review Letters. 105 (18): 182701. Bibcode:2010PhRvL.105r2701E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.182701. PMID 21231101. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[Utyonkov-6] ttp://cyclotron.tamu.edu/she2015/assets/pdfs/presentations/Utyonkov_SHE_2015_TAMU.pdf

[284Fl-7] Utyonkov, V. K.; Brewer, N. T.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Dmitriev, S. N.; Grzywacz, R. K.; Itkis, M. G.; Miernik, K.; Polyakov, A. N.; Roberto, J. B.; Sagaidak, R. N.; Shirokovsky, I. V.; Shumeiko, M. V.; Tsyganov, Yu. S.; Voinov, A. A.; Subbotin, V. G.; Sukhov, A. M.; Sabel'nikov, A. V.; Vostokin, G. K.; Hamilton, J. H.; Stoyer, M. A.; Strauss, S. Y. (15 September 2015). "Experiments on the synthesis of superheavy nuclei ²⁸⁴Fl and ²⁸⁵Fl in the ^239,240Pu + ⁴⁸Ca reactions". Physical Review C. 92 (3). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.92.034609.

[nuclidetable-8] Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named nuclidetable

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