کينډۍ:Infobox lithium

Lithium,  ₃Li

Lithium floating in oil
Spectral lines of lithium
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈlɪθiəm/ LI-thee-əm
Appearance	silvery-white
Lithium په دوراني جدول کې
H ↑ Li ↓ Na helium ← lithium → beryllium ‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	3
گروپ, پیریود	group 1 (alkali metals), period 2
بلاک	s-block
Element category	alkali metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	[6.938, 6.997] conventional: 6.94
Electron configuration	[He] 2s1
Electrons per shell	2, 1
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	453.65 K ​(180.50 °C, ​356.90 °F)
يشنا ټکی	1603 K ​(1330 °C, ​2426 °F)
Density near r.t.	0.534 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	0.512 g/cm3
Critical point	3220 K, 67 MPa (extrapolated)
Heat of fusion	3.00 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	136 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.860 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 797 885 995 1144 1337 1610
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	+1 ​(a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 0.98
Ionization energies	1st: 520.2 kJ/mol 2nd: 7298.1 kJ/mol 3rd: 11815.0 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 152 pm
Covalent radius	128±7 pm
Van der Waals radius	182 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​body-centered cubic (bcc) Body-centered cubic crystal structure for lithium
Speed of sound thin rod	6000 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	46 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	84.8 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	92.8 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+14.2·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	4.9 GPa
Shear modulus	4.2 GPa
Bulk modulus	11 GPa
Mohs hardness	0.6
Brinell hardness	5 MPa
CAS Number	7439-93-2
History
Discovery	Johan August Arfwedson (1817)
First isolation	William Thomas Brande (1821)
Main isotopes of lithium
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 6Li 5% stable 7Li 95% stable
6Li content may be as low as 3.75% in natural samples. 7Li would therefore have a content of up to 96.25%.

Element navigation

PTlithiumPT

He ←

iso 3Li ibox    wd:Q568

→ Be

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