کينډۍ:Infobox beryllium

Beryllium,  ₄Be

عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/bəˈrɪliəm/ bə-RIL-ee-əm
Appearance	white-gray metallic
Beryllium په دوراني جدول کې
– ↑ Be ↓ Mg lithium ← beryllium → boron ‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	4
گروپ, پیریود	group 2 (alkaline earth metals), period 2
بلاک	s-block
Element category	alkaline earth metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[He] 2s2
Electrons per shell	2, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	1560 K ​(1287 °C, ​2349 °F)
يشنا ټکی	2742 K ​(2469 °C, ​4476 °F)
Density near r.t.	1.85 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	1.690 g/cm3
Critical point	5205 K,  MPa (extrapolated)
Heat of fusion	12.2 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	292 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	16.443 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1462 1608 1791 2023 2327 2742
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	+2, +1 ​(an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.57
Ionization energies	1st: 899.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 1757.1 kJ/mol 3rd: 14,848.7 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 112 pm
Covalent radius	96±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	153 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for beryllium
Speed of sound thin rod	12,890 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	11.3 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	200 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	36 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	−9.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	287 GPa
Shear modulus	132 GPa
Bulk modulus	130 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.032
Mohs hardness	5.5
Vickers hardness	1670 MPa
Brinell hardness	590–1320 MPa
CAS Number	7440-41-7
History
Discovery	Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1798)
First isolation	Friedrich Wöhler & Antoine Bussy (1828)
Main isotopes of beryllium
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 9Be 100% stable 10Be trace 1.39×106 y β− 10B

Element navigation

PTberylliumPT

Li ←

iso 4Be ibox    wd:Q569

→ B

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