د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا
Beryllium, 4 Be عمومي خواص Pronunciation / b ə ˈ r ɪ l i ə m / bə-RIL -ee-əm Appearance white-gray metallic Beryllium په دوراني جدول کې اټومي شمیره (Z ) 4 گروپ , پیریود group 2 (alkaline earth metals) , period 2 بلاک s-block Element category alkaline earth metal معياري اټومي وزن (A r ) کينډۍ:Val [۱] Electron configuration [He ] 2s2 Electrons per shell
2, 2 فزیکي خواص حالت (at STP ) جامد دويلې کيدو ټکى 1560 K (1287 °C, 2349 °F) يشنا ټکی 2742 K (2469 °C, 4476 °F) Density near r.t. 1.85 g/cm3 when liquid, at m.p. 1.690 g/cm3 Critical point 5205 K, MPa (extrapolated) Heat of fusion 12.2 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 292 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 16.443 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1462
1608
1791
2023
2327
2742
اټومي خواص Oxidation states +2 , +1[۲] (an amphoteric oxide)Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.57 Ionization energies 1st: 899.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 1757.1 kJ/mol 3rd: 14,848.7 kJ/mol (more ) Atomic radius empirical: 112 pm Covalent radius 96±3 pm Van der Waals radius 153 pm Miscellanea Crystal structure hexagonal close-packed (hcp)Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for beryllium Speed of sound thin rod 12,890 m/s (at r.t. )[۳] Thermal expansion 11.3 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) د تودوخې تېرېدنه 200 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity 36 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) Magnetic ordering diamagnetic Magnetic susceptibility (χ mol ) −9.0·10−6 cm3 /mol[۴] Young's modulus 287 GPa Shear modulus 132 GPa Bulk modulus 130 GPa Poisson ratio 0.032 Mohs hardness 5.5 Vickers hardness 1670 MPa Brinell hardness 590–1320 MPa CAS Number 7440-41-7 History Discovery Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1798) First isolation Friedrich Wöhler & Antoine Bussy (1828) Main isotopes of beryllium
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