کينډۍ:Infobox chromium

Chromium,  ₂₄Cr

عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈkroʊmiəm/ KROH-mee-əm
Appearance	silvery metallic
Chromium په دوراني جدول کې
– ↑ Cr ↓ Mo vanadium ← chromium → manganese ‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	24
گروپ, پیریود	group 6, period 4
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d5 4s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 13, 1
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	2180 K ​(1907 °C, ​3465 °F)
يشنا ټکی	2944 K ​(2671 °C, ​4840 °F)
Density near r.t.	7.19 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	6.3 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	21.0 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	347 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	23.35 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1656 1807 1991 2223 2530 2942
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −4 ​(depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.66
Ionization energies	1st: 652.9 kJ/mol 2nd: 1590.6 kJ/mol 3rd: 2987 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 128 pm
Covalent radius	139±5 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​body-centered cubic (bcc) Body-centered cubic crystal structure for chromium
Speed of sound thin rod	5940 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	4.9 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	93.9 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	125 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	antiferromagnetic (rather: SDW)
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+280.0·10−6 cm3/mol (273 K)
Young's modulus	279 GPa
Shear modulus	115 GPa
Bulk modulus	160 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.21
Mohs hardness	8.5
Vickers hardness	1060 MPa
Brinell hardness	687–6500 MPa
CAS Number	7440-47-3
History
Discovery and first isolation	Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1797, 1798)
Main isotopes of chromium
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 50Cr 4.345% stable 52Cr 83.789% stable 53Cr 9.501% stable 54Cr 2.365% stable

Element navigation

PTchromiumPT

V ←

iso 24Cr ibox    wd:Q725

→ Mn

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