ارېډيوم

Iridium, ₇₇Ir
	Pieces of pure iridium
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ɪˈrɪdiəm/; I-RID-EE-əm
Appearance	silvery white
Iridium په دوراني جدول کې
osmium ← iridium → platinum	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	77
گروپ, پیریود	group 9, period 6
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	2719 K (2446 °C, 4435 °F)
يشنا ټکی	4403 K (4130 °C, 7466 °F)
Density near r.t.	22.56 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	19 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	41.12 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	564 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.10 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	−3, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.20
Ionization energies	1st: 880 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1600 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 136 pm
Covalent radius	141±6 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	face-centered cubic (fcc) Face-centered cubic crystal structure for iridium
Speed of sound thin rod	4825 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	6.4 µm/(m·K)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	147 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	47.1 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+25.6·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	528 GPa
Shear modulus	210 GPa
Bulk modulus	320 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.26
Mohs hardness	6.5
Vickers hardness	1760–2200 MPa
Brinell hardness	1670 MPa
CAS Number	7439-88-5
History
Discovery and first isolation	Smithson Tennant (1803)
Main isotopes of iridium
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ارېډيوم (په انگرېزي: Iridium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Ir سمبول او vv اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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د استعمال ځایونه[سمول]

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↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml.
↑ Wang, Guanjun; Zhou, Mingfei; Goettel, James T.; Schrobilgen, Gary G.; Su, Jing; Li, Jun; Schlöder, Tobias; Riedel, Sebastian (2014). [اصطلاحي تېروتنه: د ناپېژندلې ليکنښې لوښه "۱". "Identification of an iridium-containing compound with a formal oxidation state of IX"]. Nature 514: 475–477. doi:10.1038/nature13795. PMID 25341786.
↑ Lide, D. R., المحرر (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (الطبعة 86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0486-5. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. د کتاب پاڼي E110. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0464-4. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml.

[IrIX-2] Wang, Guanjun; Zhou, Mingfei; Goettel, James T.; Schrobilgen, Gary G.; Su, Jing; Li, Jun; Schlöder, Tobias; Riedel, Sebastian (2014). [اصطلاحي تېروتنه: د ناپېژندلې ليکنښې لوښه "۱". "Identification of an iridium-containing compound with a formal oxidation state of IX"]. Nature 514: 475–477. doi:10.1038/nature13795. PMID 25341786.

[3] Lide, D. R., المحرر (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (الطبعة 86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0486-5. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)

[4] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. د کتاب پاڼي E110. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0464-4. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)

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