د افغانستان په جګړه کې ملکي مرګ ژوبله (۲۰۰۱ – ۲۰۲۱)
د افغانستان د جګړې په اوږدو کې، د جګړې د لګښتونو پروژې (Costs of War Project) د معلومات پر بنسټ، په افغانستان کې جګړې ۱۷۶۰۰۰ کسان ووژل، چې ۴۶۳۱۹ ملکیان، ۶۹۰۹۵ پوځیان او پولیس او لږ تر لږه ۵۲۸۹۳ یې مخالف وسله وال وو. خو د مړینې شمېر ښایي لوړ وي ځکه چې د جګړې په پایله کې د "ناروغیو؛ خوړو، اوبو، زیربناوو ته د لاس رسي بایلل او/یا د جګړې د نورو غیر مستقیمو پایلو" له امله نورې مړینې نه دی حساب شوې. د اپسالا د نښتو د ډېټا پروګرام د معلوماتو پر بنسټ، په نښتو کې ۲۱۲۱۹۱ کسان وژل شوي دي. په ۲۰۱۵ کال کې د جګړې لګښت، پروژې اټکل وکړ چې هغه شمېر کسان چې د جګړې اړوند د غیر مستقیمو لاملونو له امله وژل شوي، ښایي په اوسنیو نښتو کې د غیر مستقیمو او مستقیمو مړینو د نسبت له مخې تر ۳۶۰۰۰۰ نور هم لوړ وي. [۱][۲][۳]
"د تلپاتې آزادۍ د عملیاتو" تر نوم لاندې جګړه چې د متحده ایالاتو له لوري په ۲۰۰۱ کال کې په لاره واچول شوه، لومړۍ په هوایي بریدونو پیل شوه چې سمدلاسه یې د ملکي افغانانو د مرګ ژوبلې په اړه اندیښنې راپورته کړې. په افغانستان کې د ملګرو ملتونو د مرستندویه پلاوي (یوناما) له قوله، هر کال د ملکي مرګ ژوبلې لویه برخه د طالبانو او نورو مخالفو ډلو له اړخه وي، چې دا شمېرې هر کال د ۶۱٪ څخه تر ۸۰٪ وي. د جګړې په وروستیو کلونو کې د ملکي مرګ ژوبلې کچه لوړه وه، چې په ۲۰۱۵ او ۲۰۱۶ کلونو کې په پرله پسې ډول د کلنۍ ملکي مرګ ژوبلې ریکارډ مات شو. ملکي تلفات د ۱۹۸۰ کلونو د شوروي – افغان جګړې د لوړې مرګ ژوبلې او له هغې وروسته د کورنیو جګړو د دریو دورو: ۱۹۸۹–۱۹۹۲ کلونه، ۱۹۹۲–۱۹۹۶ کلونه، او ۱۹۹۶–۲۰۰۱ د مرګ ژوبلې دوام دی.[۴][۵][۶][۷][۸][۹][۱۰]
اټکلونه
[سمول]له ۲۰۰۱ کال وروسته د جګړې له امله د وژل شویو ملکي وګړو د مجموعي شمېر په اړه رسمي ارقام نشته، خو د مشخصو کلونو یا مودې محاسبات د یو شمېر خپلواکو ادارو له خوا خپاره شوي او په لاندې جدول کې۲۱ وړاندې شوي دي.
زیاتره بنسټونه، خو ټول نه، وایي چې د دوی محاسبات ښایي کم اټکل شوي وي.
د مرګ ژوبلې عمومي مجموع
[سمول]| کال | د بلواګرو د فعالیتونو له امله وژل شوي ملکیان | د امریکا په مشرۍ د پوځي عملیاتو په پایله کې ملکي وګړي وژل شوي دي | د د جګړې په پایله کې ملکي وګړي وژل شوي دي |
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| ۲۰۰۴ | معلومات نشته | معلومات نشته | معلومات نشته |
| ۲۰۰۵ | معلومات نشته |
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- یادونه: د یوناما/د افغانستان د بشري حقونو خپلواک کمیسیون په میتودولوژي کې، د موجودو شواهدو له ارزونې کله چې څرګنده نه شي چې آیا قرباني ملکي وګړی دی او که نه، د یوناما/د افغانستان د بشري حقونو خپلواک کمیسیون نوموړی قرباني د احتمالي ملکي مرګ ژوبلې په توګه نه شمېري. د دې ډول قربانیانو شمېر نه ورکول کېږي. [۶۵]
سرچينې
[سمول]- ↑ "Human and Budgetary Costs to Date of the U.S. War in Afghanistan, 2001-2022 | Figures | Costs of War". The Costs of War. نه اخيستل شوی 2021-09-01.
- ↑ "UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program". www.ucdp.uu.se. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021.
- ↑ Crawford, Neta (22 May 2015). "War-related Death, Injury, and Displacement in Afghanistan and Pakistan 2001-2014" (PDF). Costs of War. Brown University. نه اخيستل شوی 22 May 2015.
The Geneva Declaration Secretariat, which closely examined data from armed conflicts occurring in the period of 2004-2007, suggests that, 'a reasonable average estimate would be a ratio of four indirect deaths to one direct death in contemporary conflicts.' If we use this ratio, the ongoing war in Afghanistan is perhaps responsible for as many as an additional 7 indirect deaths.
- ↑ Crawford, Neta (22 May 2015). "War-related Death, Injury, and Displacement in Afghanistan and Pakistan 2001–2014" (PDF). Costs of War. Brown University. نه اخيستل شوی 22 May 2015.
- ↑ "Afghan civilian deaths rise, insurgents responsible for most casualties – UN". U.N. News Centre. 14 July 2011. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. نه اخيستل شوی 6 August 2011.
- ↑ Damien Pearse and agencies (4 February 2012). "Afghan civilian death toll reaches record high". Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 8 November 2013. نه اخيستل شوی 4 February 2012.
- ↑ "Sharp rise in children killed and maimed in Afghan war, UN report reveals". The Guardian. 6 February 2017. Archived from the original on 6 February 2017. نه اخيستل شوی 6 February 2017.
- ↑ "Citing rising death toll, UN urges better protection of Afghan civilians". United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan. 9 March 2011. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011.
- ↑ "August deadliest month of 2009 for Afghan civilians, UN says". CNN. 26 سپټمبر 2009. Archived from the original on 19 June 2017. نه اخيستل شوی 14 October 2017.
- ↑ "Afghan civilian casualties at record high in 2016: UN". Al Jazeera English. 6 February 2017. Archived from the original on 6 February 2017. نه اخيستل شوی 6 February 2017.
- ↑ "Operation Enduring Freedom: Why a Higher Rate of Civilian Bombing Casualties?".
- ↑ "Strange Victory: A critical appraisal of Operation Enduring Freedom and the Afghanistan war".
- ↑ "The Americans ... They Just Drop Their Bombs and Leave". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 4, 2002. نه اخيستل شوی 2011-03-26.
- ↑ Jonathan Steele. "Forgotten victims". The Guardian.
- ↑ "Dossier on Civilian Victims of United States' Aerial Bombing". Archived from the original on 2007-11-06. نه اخيستل شوی 2018-01-18.
- ↑ "The Matrix of Death: (Im)Precision of U.S Bombing and the (Under)Valuation of an Afghan Life". Archived from the original on 2022-01-31. نه اخيستل شوی 2023-05-20.
{{cite web}}: External link in|خونديځ تړی=|تاريخ الأرشيف=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|تاريخ الوصول=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|خونديځ-تړی=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|مسار الأرشيف=ignored (help) - ↑ "Human Rights Watch – Airstrikes and Civilian Deaths in Afghanistan".
- ↑ "Human Rights Watch – US and NATO Bombing and Civilian Deaths".
- ↑ "The Matrix of Death: (Im)Precision of U.S Bombing and the (Under)Valuation of an Afghan Life". Archived from the original on 2022-01-31. نه اخيستل شوی 2023-05-20.
{{cite web}}: External link in|خونديځ تړی=|تاريخ الأرشيف=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|تاريخ الوصول=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|خونديځ-تړی=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|مسار الأرشيف=ignored (help) - ↑ "Human Rights Watch – Airstrikes and Civilian Deaths in Afghanistan".
- ↑ "More than 1,000 Afghan civilians killed in 2006". CTVNews. Archived from the original on 2013-01-15.
- ↑ "More than 1,000 Afghan civilians killed in 2006". CTVNews. Archived from the original on 2013-01-15.
- ↑ "Canadian soldier killed in Afghan blast". www.vancouversun.com.
- ↑ "Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2008 p. 13 graph 2" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 9, 2009.
- ↑ "Human Rights Watch – Airstrikes and Civilian Deaths in Afghanistan".
- ↑ "Human Rights Watch – US and NATO Bombing and Civilian Deaths".
- ↑ "Canadian soldier killed in Afghan blast". www.vancouversun.com.
- ↑ "Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2008 p. 13 graph 2" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 9, 2009.
- ↑ "The Matrix of Death: (Im)Precision of U.S Bombing and the (Under)Valuation of an Afghan Life". Archived from the original on 2022-01-31. نه اخيستل شوی 2023-05-20.
{{cite web}}: External link in|خونديځ تړی=|تاريخ الأرشيف=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|تاريخ الوصول=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|خونديځ-تړی=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|مسار الأرشيف=ignored (help) - ↑ "Canadian soldier killed in Afghan blast". www.vancouversun.com.
- ↑ "2,100 civilians killed in Afghanistan in 2008: UN – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". ABC News.
- ↑ "Human Rights Watch – Airstrikes and Civilian Deaths in Afghanistan".
- ↑ "AFGHANISTAN: UNAMA raps new report by rights watchdog". IRINnews.
- ↑ "Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2008" (PDF). UNAMA. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 9, 2009.
- ↑ "Number of Afghan civilian deaths in 2008 highest since Taliban ouster, says UN". Archived from the original on March 10, 2009.
- ↑ "AFGHANISTAN: UNAMA raps new report by rights watchdog". IRINnews.
- ↑ "Afghan unrest killed 4,000 civilians in 2008: report". Archived from the original on October 17, 2010.
- ↑ "AFGHANISTAN: UNAMA raps new report by rights watchdog". IRINnews.
- ↑ "Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2008" (PDF). UNAMA. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 9, 2009.
- ↑ "Number of Afghan civilian deaths in 2008 highest since Taliban ouster, says UN". Archived from the original on March 10, 2009.
- ↑ Nicholson, Brendan (February 14, 2009). "Australian troops kill 5 Afghan children". The Age. Melbourne. نه اخيستل شوی 2010-09-27.
- ↑ "AFGHANISTAN: UNAMA raps new report by rights watchdog". IRINnews.
- ↑ "Afghan unrest killed 4,000 civilians in 2008: report". Archived from the original on October 17, 2010.
- ↑ Herold, Marc W. (2012). "The Obama/Pentagon War Narrative, the Real War and Where Afghan Civilian Deaths Do Matter" (PDF). Revista de Paz y Conflictos (په انګليسي). University of Granada (5). ISSN 1988-7221. نه اخيستل شوی 30 August 2019.
- ↑ "AFGHANISTAN: UNAMA raps new report by rights watchdog". IRINnews.
- ↑ "2,100 civilians killed in Afghanistan in 2008: UN – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". ABC News.
- ↑ "Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2008" (PDF). UNAMA. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 9, 2009.
- ↑ "Number of Afghan civilian deaths in 2008 highest since Taliban ouster, says UN". Archived from the original on March 10, 2009.
- ↑ "Afghan Civilian Casualties May Surge as Well".
- ↑ "AFGHANISTAN: UNAMA raps new report by rights watchdog". IRINnews.
- ↑ "Afghan unrest killed 4,000 civilians in 2008: report". Archived from the original on October 17, 2010.
- ↑ ۵۲٫۰ ۵۲٫۱ "'09 Deadliest Year for Afghans, U.N. Says". The New York Times. 14 January 2010. نه اخيستل شوی 18 May 2016.
- ↑ ۵۳٫۰ ۵۳٫۱ "UNAMA – Afghanistan, Annual report on protection of civilians in armed conflict, 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 19, 2010.
- ↑ "'09 Deadliest Year for Afghans, U.N. Says". The New York Times. 14 January 2010. نه اخيستل شوی 18 May 2016.
- ↑ "UNAMA – Afghanistan, Annual report on protection of civilians in armed conflict, 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 19, 2010.
- ↑ "U.N.: 2010 deadliest year for Afghan civilians". Los Angeles Times.
- ↑ "Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 4, 2011.
- ↑ "U.N.: 2010 deadliest year for Afghan civilians". Los Angeles Times.
- ↑ "Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 4, 2011.
- ↑ "U.N.: 2010 deadliest year for Afghan civilians". Los Angeles Times.
- ↑ "Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 4, 2011.
- ↑ "Afghanistan Midyear Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 4, 2011.
- ↑ "Afghanistan Midyear Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 4, 2011.
- ↑ "Afghanistan Midyear Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 4, 2011.
- ↑ "Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 4, 2011.