همدا مخ د ژباړلو لپاره نومول شوی ددې ليکنې په ژباړلو کې د پښتو ويکيپېډيا سره ستاسو مرستې ته اړ يو. يواځې هغه کارونکي چې په همدې ژبې لاسبری لري، کولای شي دا مخ پښتو ته واړوي. که چېرته تاسو د دغه مخ د ژباړې اړونده لارښوونې او يا هم کوم وړانديزونه لری، نو مهرباني وکړی د همدې مخ د خبرو اترو په برخه کې خپلې څرگندونې وليکی.
د ژباړې لپاره نومېدلي، نور مخونو دلته وگورۍ .
This chart shows concisely the most common way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is applied to represent the English language .
See International Phonetic Alphabet for English for a more complete version and Pronunciation respelling for English for phonetic transcriptions used in different dictionaries.
IPA: English Consonants
IPA
Examples
p
p en, sp in, tip
b
b ut, web
t
t wo, st ing, bet
d
d o, odd
tʃ
ch air, nat ure, teach
dʒ
g in, j oy, edge
k
c at, k ill, sk in, q ueen, thick
ɡ
g o, g et, beg
f
f ool, enough , leaf
v
v oice, have
θ
th ing, teeth
ð
th is, breathe , fath er
s
s ee, c ity, pass
z
z oo, ros e
ʃ
sh e, s ure, emoti on, leash
ʒ
pleas ure, beige
h
h am
m
m an, ham
n
n o, tin
ŋ
sing er, ring
l
l eft, bell
ɹ
r un, ver y [۱]
w
w e
j
y es
ʍ
wh at[۲]
x
loch (Scottish)
IPA: English Vowels
IPA
Examples
RP
GenAm
AuE
ɑː
ɑ
aː
fa ther
iː
i
iː
see
ɪ
ɪ
ɪ
ci ty
ɛ
ɛ
e
be d [۳]
ɜː
ɝ
ɜː
bir d
æ
æ
æ
la d, ca t, ra n [۴] [۵]
ɑː
ɑɹ
aː
ar m
ʌ
ʌ
a
ru n, enou gh
ɒ
ɑ
ɔ
no t, wa sp
ɔː
ɔ
oː
law , cau ght [۶]
ʊ
ʊ
ʊ
pu t, woo d
uː
u
ʉː
soo n, throu gh
ə
ə
ə
a bout
ə
ɚ
ə
winner
IPA: English Diphthongs
IPA
Examples
RP
GenAm
AuE
eɪ
eɪ or e
æɪ
day
aɪ
aɪ
ɑe
my
ɔɪ
ɔɪ
oɪ
boy
əʊ
oʊ or o
əʉ
no
aʊ
aʊ
æɔ
now
ɪə
ɪɹ
ɪə
near , here
ɛə
ɛɹ
eː
hair , there [۷]
ʊə
ʊɹ
ʊə
tour
juː
ju
jʉː
pu pil
IPA: Other symbols used in transcription of English pronunciation
IPA
Explanation
ˈ
Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable), for example happy /ˈhæpi/
ˌ
Secondary stress, for example battleship /ˈbætl̩ˌʃɪp/
.
Syllable separator, for example sighing /ˈsaɪ.ɪŋ/
̩
Syllabic consonant, for example /ˈɹɪdn̩/ for ridden
↑ Although the symbol r technically represents an alveolar trill , which is absent from most dialects of English, it is nevertheless widely used instead of ɹ in phonemic transcriptions.
↑ Some accents, such as Scottish and much of the American South ; see whine and wine and voiceless labiovelar approximant
↑ Often transcribed /e/ for RP, for example in Collins English Dictionary.
↑ Often transcribed /a/ for RP, for example in dictionaries of the Oxford University Press .
↑ See bad-lad split for more discussion of this vowel in Australian English.
↑ See low back merger for more discussion of this vowel in American English.
↑ Alternative symbols used in British dictionaries are /ɛː/ (Oxford University Press ) and /eə/ .
See also[ سمول ]
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