د سهيونېزم سرچينه کتل

{{مالومات}}
[[دوتنه:Flag of Israel.svg|بټنوک|کيڼ|د [[اسرايل]] رپی, دا رپی په ۱۸۹۰ کال کې د سهيونيستي خوځښت د [[پيلام]] په توگه پېژندل شوي وو،]] څهيونتوب يا صهیونیزم (په عبري کې وروسته له صهیونه צִיּוֹנוּת ''Tsiyyonut'' [tsijoˈnut]) یو ملتپال خوځښت دی چې د یهود قوم لپاره په یوه داسې سیمه کې لکه اسراييل سیمه، فلسطین سیمه، کنعان یا سپېڅلې ځمکې کې د یوه هېواد له جوړولو څخه  ملاتړ کوي، ځکه چې یهودان داسې سیمو سره اوږدې اړیکې او نږدېوالی لري.<ref>Gideon Biger,[https://books.google.com/books?id=wUqRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA60 ''The Boundaries of Modern Palestine, 1840-1947,'']  [[Routledge]], 2004   {{isbn|978-1-135-76652-8}} pp. 58–63.:'Unlike the earlier literature that dealt with Palestine's delimitation, the boundaries were not presented according to their historical traditional meaning, but according to the boundaries of the Jewish Eretz Israel that was about to be established there. This approach characterizes all the Zionist publications at the time ... when they came to indicate borders, they preferred the realistic condition and strategic  economic needs over an unrealistic dream based on the historic past.'  This meant that planners envisaged  a future Palestine that controlled all [[River Jordan|the Jordan]]'s sources, the southern part of the [[Litani River|Litanni river]] in Lebanon, the large cultivatable area east of the Jordan, including the Houran and Gil'ad wheat zone, Mt Hermon, the Yarmuk and Yabok rivers, the [[Hijaz Railway]] ... '</ref>{{sfn|Motyl|2001|pp=604}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Herzl|first1=Theodor|author-link1=Theodor Herzl|translator=Sylvie d'Avigdor|title=Der Judenstaat|trans-title=The Jewish state|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3f4RFWkMeWoC|access-date=September 28, 2010|edition=republication|year=1988|orig-year=1896|publisher=[[Dover Publications|Courier Dover]]|location=New York|isbn=978-0-486-25849-2|page=40|chapter=Biography, by Alex Bein|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3f4RFWkMeWoC&pg=PA40|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101195701/http://books.google.com/books?id=3f4RFWkMeWoC|archive-date=January 1, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

عصري صهیونیزم د نولسمې پېړۍ په وروستیو کې په مرکزي او ختیځې اروپا کې هم د یهودضد څپو او هم د Haskalah یا یهودي روښانتیا په ځواب کې د یو ملي احیا خوځښت په توګه څرګند شو. له هغه وروسته سمدستي، د دې خوځښت ډېری مشرانو خپله اصلي موخه دا وګرځوله چې په فلسطین کې ځان ته یو وطن جوړ کړي، کوم ځای چې په هغه وخت کې د عثماني امپراتورۍ تر کنټرول لاندې وه.<ref name="Shillony2012">{{cite book|author=Ben-Ami Shillony|author-link=Ben-Ami Shillony|title=Jews & the Japanese: The Successful Outsiders|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OvzPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA88|year=2012|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|isbn=978-1-4629-0396-2|page=88|quote=(Zionism) arose in response to and in imitation of the current national movements of Central, Southern, and Eastern Europe.|access-date=November 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225204640/https://books.google.com/books?id=OvzPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA88|archive-date=December 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="LeVineMossberg2014">{{cite book|last1=LeVine|first1=Mark|last2=Mossberg|first2=Mathias|title=One Land, Two States: Israel and Palestine as Parallel States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vnVAAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA211|year=2014|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-95840-1|page=211|quote=The parents of Zionism were not Judaism and tradition, but antiSemitism and nationalism. The ideals of the [[French Revolution]] spread slowly across Europe, finally reaching the [[Pale of Settlement]] in the [[Russian Empire]] and helping to set off the [[Haskalah]], or Jewish Enlightenment. This engendered a permanent split in the Jewish world, between those who held to a halachic or religious-centric vision of their identity and those who adopted in part the racial rhetoric of the time and made the Jewish people into a nation. This was helped along by the wave of [[pogrom]]s in Eastern Europe that set two million Jews to flight; most wound up in [[United States|America]], but some chose Palestine. A driving force behind this was the [[Hovevei Zion]] movement, which worked from 1882 to develop a Hebrew identity that was distinct from [[Judaism]] as a religion.|access-date=March 16, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117165546/https://books.google.com/books?id=vnVAAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA211|archive-date=November 17, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Gelvin2014">{{cite book|last=Gelvin|first=James L.|title=The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GDaZAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA93|year=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-47077-4|page=93|quote=The fact that [[Palestinian nationalism]] developed later than Zionism and indeed in response to it does not in any way diminish the legitimacy of Palestinian nationalism or make it less valid than Zionism. All nationalisms arise in opposition to some "other". Why else would there be the need to specify who you are? And all nationalisms are defined by what they oppose. As we have seen, Zionism itself arose in reaction to anti-Semitic and exclusionary nationalist movements in Europe. It would be perverse to judge Zionism as somehow less valid than European anti-Semitism or those nationalisms. Furthermore, Zionism itself was also defined by its opposition to the indigenous Palestinian inhabitants of the region. Both the "conquest of land" and the "conquest of labor" slogans that became central to the dominant strain of Zionism in the Yishuv originated as a result of the Zionist confrontation with the Palestinian "other".|access-date=March 16, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117183517/https://books.google.com/books?id=GDaZAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA93|archive-date=November 17, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="RCohen">{{cite book|last=Cohen|first=Robin|title=The Cambridge Survey of World Migration|year=1995|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgesurveyo00robi/page/504 504]|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgesurveyo00robi|url-access=registration|quote=Zionism Colonize palestine.|isbn=9780521444057}}</ref><ref name="JGelvin">{{cite book|last=Gelvin|first=James|title=The Israel–Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War|year=2007|edition=2nd|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0521888356|page=51|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5FwAT5fx03IC&q=the%20Basel%20program%20colonisation%20of%20Palestine&pg=PA52|access-date=February 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220003633/https://books.google.com/books?id=5FwAT5fx03IC&lpg=PA52&dq=the%20Basel%20program%20colonisation%20of%20Palestine&pg=PA52#v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=February 20, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Ilan Pappe, ''The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine'', 2006, pp. 10–11</ref>

د دې آیډیالوژي د دیاسپورا څخه انکار مطرح کړ او تر ۱۹۴۸م کال پورې یې د یهود قوم په لرغوني زړه کې د جلاوطنو مثالي راټولنه (کیبوتس ګالیوت) خپله اصلي موخه ګڼله، او د ملي خودمختارۍ یا د خپلواک دولت جوړولو له لارې، یهودان له عام وژنې، ځورونې او یهود ضد کارونو څخه خلاص کړي کوم کار چې دوی ورسره مخامخ وو. د صهیون مینه وال په ۱۸۸۴م کال کې متحد شول او په ۱۸۹۷م کال کې لومړنی صهیونیستي کانګرس تنظیم شو. <ref>[[Bernard Lewis]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZTsiAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20 ''Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice,'']  [[W. W. Norton & Company]], 1999    {{isbn|978-0-393-24556-1}}  p. 20</ref><ref>[[Ian S. Lustick]], [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41805179 'Zionist Ideology and Its Discontents: A Research Note,'] [[Israel Studies Review|Israel Studies Forum]] Vol. 19, No. 1 (Fall 2003), pp. 98–103 [98]'Zionism was and is a serious ideology and deserves to be treated as such.'</ref><ref>Gadi Taub, [https://books.google.com/books?id=EihzAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA869 'Zionism,'] in Gregory Claeys,''Encyclopedia of Modern Political Thought,''  [[SAGE Publishing|Sage CQ Press]], 2013   {{isbn|978-1-452-23415-1}} pp. 869–72 p.869.:'Zionism is an ideology that seeks to apply the universal principle of [[self-determination]] to the Jewish people.'</ref><ref>Alan Gamlen, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1iCWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 ''Human Geopolitics: States, Emigrants, and the Rise of Diaspora Institutions,'']  [[Oxford University Press]], 2019 {{isbn|978-0-198-83349-9}} p. 57</ref>

د صهیونیزم یوه بڼه د فرهنګي صهیونیزم په نوم چې د احد حام له خوا یې بنسټ ایښودل شوی او هغه یې استازیتوب کوي، په اسرائیل کې یې د یهودي «معنوي مرکز» څخه سېکولار لیدلوري ته وده ورکړه. د هرزل په خلاف، چې د سیاسي صهیونیزم بنسټ ایښودونکی وو، احد حام هڅه وکړه ترڅو اسرائیل «یو یهودي هېواد وي نه یوازې یو یهودي دولت». نور هغه د سوسیالیستي یوټوپیا (موزس هس) د تحقق په توګه، د ټولنیزو تعصباتو په مقابل کې د پایښت او د خودمختارۍ تایید (لئون پینسکر)، د فردي حقونو او آزادۍ رښتیا کېدل (مکس نوردو) او یا هم د عبري هیومانیزم د پیدا کېدو (مارتین بوبر) په توګه تیوریزه کړي دي. یو مذهبي صهیونیزم له هغو یهودیانو څخه ملاتړ کوي چې خپل یهودي پېژندنې څخه چې مذهبي یهودیت څخه اطاعت کوي او اسرائیلو ته د یهودانو د بیا راتګ څخه ملاتړ کوي. په ۱۹۴۸م کال کې د اسرائیل دولت له جوړېدو راهیسې، صهیونیزم په عمده توګه له اسرائیلو څخه د ملاتړ او هلته د ژوند دوام په اړه د شته ګواښونو او امنیت ساتلو ته دوام ورکړی.<ref>Ahad Ha'am, ''The Jewish State and Jewish Problem'', trans. from the Hebrew by Leon Simon c 1912, Jewish Publication Society of America, Essential Texts of Zionism [https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Zionism/haam2.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119081428/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Zionism/haam2.html|date=November 19, 2015}}</ref><ref>Zionism and the Quest for Justice in the Holy Land, Donald E. Wagner, Walter T. Davis, 2011, Lutterworth Press</ref>{{sfn|Motyl|2001|pp=604.}}

د صهیونیزم پلویان صهیونیزم د یوه آزادي پاله خوځښت په توګه ګوري چې غواړي ځورول شوي خلک بېرته خپل پلارني سیمو ته راګرځوي. د صهیونیست ضد کسان هغه ته یوه استعماري، نژادپرسته او استثنایي آیډیولوژي یا خوځښت په توګه ګوري.<ref name="Volume13">''Israel Affairs'' - Volume 13, Issue 4, 2007 – Special Issue: ''Postcolonial Theory and the Arab-Israel Conflict – De-Judaizing the Homeland: Academic Politics in Rewriting the History of Palestine'' - S. Ilan Troen</ref><ref name="RanA">{{cite journal|first1=Ran|last1=Aaronson|year=1996|title=Settlement in Eretz Israel – A Colonialist Enterprise? "Critical" Scholarship and Historical Geography|journal=Israel Studies|volume=1|issue=2|pages=214–229|publisher=Indiana University Press|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:8aPWE9P5iBoJ:130.102.44.246/journals/israel_studies/v001/1.2aaronsohn.pdf+&hl=en&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiwmLNEhH3wwj1Tc0SKIwNXDI7Vn61MevIJkvxNF7UjJdGkVHTlf7yJcPdkujhi-GXEoUsSGjB8Y-cNtoc3AbqZP6uxc2NHFe9R1__kxvACSBMsGtcH4nYZmB5e8gSAdgbH_QT6&sig=AHIEtbSHallbycXdF9sWjGjOU4lvf4a6Og|access-date=July 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221012913/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache%3A8aPWE9P5iBoJ%3A130.102.44.246%2Fjournals%2Fisrael_studies%2Fv001%2F1.2aaronsohn.pdf+&hl=en&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiwmLNEhH3wwj1Tc0SKIwNXDI7Vn61MevIJkvxNF7UjJdGkVHTlf7yJcPdkujhi-GXEoUsSGjB8Y-cNtoc3AbqZP6uxc2NHFe9R1__kxvACSBMsGtcH4nYZmB5e8gSAdgbH_QT6&sig=AHIEtbSHallbycXdF9sWjGjOU4lvf4a6Og|archive-date=December 21, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ZiBri">"Zionism and British imperialism II: Imperial financing in Palestine", ''Journal of Israeli History: Politics, Society, Culture''. Volume 30, Issue 2, 2011  - pages 115–139 - Michael J. Cohen</ref><ref name="CHARCOL">* Shafir, Gershon, ''Being Israeli: The Dynamics of Multiple Citizenship'', Cambridge University Press, 2002, pp 37–38
* Bareli, Avi, "Forgetting Europe: Perspectives on the Debate about Zionism and Colonialism", in ''Israeli Historical Revisionism: From Left to Right'', Psychology Press, 2003, pp 99–116
* [[Ilan Pappe|Pappé Ilan]], ''A History of Modern Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples'', Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp 72–121
* Prior, Michael, ''The Bible and colonialism: a moral critique'', Continuum International Publishing Group, 1997, pp 106–215
* Shafir, Gershon, "Zionism and Colonialism", in ''The Israel / Palestinian Question'', by Ilan Pappe, Psychology Press, 1999, pp 72–85
* Lustick, Ian, ''For the Land and the Lord'' ...
* Zuriek, Elia, ''The Palestinians in Israel: A Study in Internal Colonialism'', Routledge & K. Paul, 1979
* Penslar, Derek J., "Zionism, Colonialism and Postcolonialism", in ''Israeli Historical Revisionism: From Left to Right'', Psychology Press, 2003, pp 85–98
* [[Ilan Pappé|Pappe, Ilan]], ''The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine'', Oneworld, 2007
* {{citation|title=The Bible and Zionism: invented traditions, archaeology and post-colonialism in Palestine-Israel|volume=1|last=Masalha|first=Nur|year=2007|publisher=Zed Books|page=16}}
* {{citation|title=The Dark Side of Zionism: Israel's Quest for Security Through Dominance|last=Thomas|first=Baylis|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2011|page=4}}
* {{citation|title=Zionism and the State of Israel: A Moral Inquiry|last=Prior|first=Michael|publisher=Psychology Press|year=1999|page=240}}</ref><ref name="CHARRAS">* ''Zionism, imperialism, and race'', Abdul Wahhab Kayyali, ʻAbd al-Wahhāb Kayyālī (Eds), Croom Helm, 1979
* Gerson, Allan, "The United Nations and Racism: the Case of Zionism and Racism", in ''Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 1987, Volume 17; Volume 1987, Yoram Dinstein, Mala Tabory  (Eds)'', Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1988, p 68
* Hadawi, Sami, ''Bitter harvest: a modern history of Palestine'', Interlink Books, 1991, p 183
* Beker, Avi, ''Chosen: the history of an idea, the anatomy of an obsession'', Macmillan, 2008, p 131, 139, 151
* Dinstein, Yoram, ''Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 1987, Volume 17; Volume 1987'', p 31, 136ge
* Harkabi, Yehoshafat, ''Arab attitudes to Israel'', pp 247–8</ref><ref>See for example: M. Shahid Alam (2010), ''Israeli Exceptionalism: The Destabilizing Logic of Zionism Paperback'', or [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-gouldwartofsky/through-the-looking-glass_b_596704.html? "Through the Looking Glass: The Myth of Israeli Exceptionalism"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921234330/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-gouldwartofsky/through-the-looking-glass_b_596704.html|date=September 21, 2017}}, ''Huffington Post''</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Nur Masalha|title=The Bible and Zionism: Invented Traditions, Archaeology and Post-Colonialism in Palestine- Israel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LAUeWo8NDK4C&pg=PA314|year=2007|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1-84277-761-9|page=314|access-date=February 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112015208/https://books.google.com/books?id=LAUeWo8NDK4C&pg=PA314|archive-date=January 12, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CurthoysGanguly2007">{{cite book|author1=Ned Curthoys|author2=Debjani Ganguly|title=Edward Said: The Legacy of a Public Intellectual|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=crIxjc564_AC&pg=PA315|access-date=May 12, 2013|year=2007|publisher=Academic Monographs|isbn=978-0-522-85357-5|page=315|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112033221/https://books.google.com/books?id=crIxjc564_AC&pg=PA315|archive-date=January 12, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kīfūrkiyān2009">{{cite book|author=Nādira Shalhūb Kīfūrkiyān|title=Militarization and Violence Against Women in Conflict Zones in the Middle East: A Palestinian Case-Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ka2AmZw3YIC&pg=PA9|access-date=May 12, 2013|year=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-88222-4|page=9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502223201/http://books.google.com/books?id=_ka2AmZw3YIC&pg=PA9|archive-date=May 2, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SchamSalem2005">{{cite book|author1=Paul Scham|author2=Walid Salem|author3=Benjamin Pogrund|title=Shared Histories: A Palestinian-Israeli Dialogue|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c-cviX0c63YC&pg=PA87|access-date=May 12, 2013|date=2005|publisher=Left Coast Press|isbn=978-1-59874-013-4|pages=87–|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107235523/http://books.google.com/books?id=c-cviX0c63YC&pg=PA87|archive-date=January 7, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

== لغت پېژنونه ==
د «صهیونیزم» اصطلاح د صهیون (په عبري کې ציון، Tzi-yon) له کلیمې څخه اخیستل شوې، په بیت المقدس کې یوه تپه په پراخه توګه د اسرائیل د ځمکې سمبول په توګه کارول کېږي. د نولسمې پېړۍ په وروستیو کې په ټوله ختیځه اروپا کې، د ملي یهودانو متعددو ډلو په خپلو مورنۍ ځمکه کې د یهودانو ملي بیا میشته کېدو ته، همدارنګه د عبري ژبې بیا ژوندي کېدو او پراختیا ته، وده ورکړه. دا ډلې په ټوله کې «د صهیون مینه وال» نومول شوي او د جذب په لور د یهودیانو د مخ پر ودې خوځښت د مقابلې په توګه ګڼل کېږي. د دې اصطلاح لومړنۍ کارول اتریشي ناتان بېرن باوم، د نشنلیسټه یهودي زده کوونکو د خوځښت Kadimah بنسټ ایښودونکي، ته منسوب ده. هغه دا اصطلاح په ۱۸۹۰م کال کې په خپل ژورنال Selbstemanzipation (د ځان خلاصون) کې وکاروله!، چې په خپله د لئون پینسکر د ۱۸۸۲م کال د «اتومات خلاصون» کتاب نوم ته ډېر ورته والی لري.<ref>''This is Jerusalem,'' Menashe Harel, Canaan Publishing, Jerusalem, 1977, pp. 194-195</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Barnett|first=Michael|title=The Jewish Problem in International Society|date=2020|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/culture-and-order-in-world-politics/jewish-problem-in-international-society/7F2A8CDC25B68F01D773081D9A9FF1E4|work=Culture and Order in World Politics|pages=232–249|editor-last=Phillips|editor-first=Andrew|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/9781108754613.011|isbn=978-1-108-48497-8|s2cid=214484283|editor2-last=Reus-Smit|editor2-first=Christian}}</ref><ref>De Lange, Nicholas, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=D7qPcsAFPvkC&lpg=PP1&dq=An%20Introduction%20to%20Judaism%2C%20Cambridge%20University%20Press%20(2000)&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q=Birnbaum&f=false ''An Introduction to Judaism''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107054258/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=D7qPcsAFPvkC&lpg=PP1&dq=An%20Introduction%20to%20Judaism%2C%20Cambridge%20University%20Press%20(2000)&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q=Birnbaum&f=false|date=November 7, 2018}}, Cambridge University Press (2000), p. 30. {{ISBN|0-521-46624-5}}.</ref>

== عمومي کتنه ==
د ټولو صهیونیستانو ترمنځ مشترک ټکی د فلسطین ادعا ده، هغه سیمه چې په دودیز ډول په یهودي لیکنو کې د اسرائیل سیمه (Eretz Israel) د یهودیانو د ملي وطن په توګه او د یهودانو د ملي خودمختارۍ د ټاکل کېدو مشروع لارې په توګه پېژندل کېږي. دا د تاریخي او مذهبي دودونو پر بنسټ ده چې یهودي خلک له اسرائیل ځمکو سره تړي. صهیونیزم یوشان آیډیالوژي نه لري، بلکې د ډېرو آیډیولوژي ګانو د خبرو اترو ترمنځ یې وده کړې لکه: عمومي صهیونیزم، مذهبي صهیونیزم، کارګري صهیونیزم، بیاکتونکی صهیونیزم، زرغون صهیونیزم او داسې نور.<ref>Gideon Shimoni, ''The Zionist Ideology'' (1995)</ref><ref>[[Aviel Roshwald]], "Jewish Identity and the Paradox of Nationalism", in [[Michael Berkowitz]], (ed.). ''Nationalism, Zionism and Ethnic Mobilization of the Jews in 1900 and Beyond'', p. 15.</ref>

کابو دوه زره کاله وروسته له دې چې یهودان په بې ملي دولته بېلابېلو هېوادونو کې میشت وو، صهیونیستي خوځښت د نولسمې پېړۍ په وروستیو کې د سېکولار یهودانو له خوا، په عمده توګه اروپا کې د یهود ضد کارونو په زیاتوالي سره د اشکنازي یهودانو له خوا، چې بېلګې یې په فرانسه کې د دریفوس ماجرا او د روسیې امپراتورۍ کې د یهود ضد وژنې، تاسیس شو. دا سیاسي خوځښت په رسمي ډول د تئودور هرتزل، اتریشي-مجارستاني خبریال، له خوا په ۱۸۹۷م کال کې او د هغه د Der Judenstaat (یهودي دولت) کتاب له خپرېدو وروسته تاسیس شو. په هغه وخت کې، دا خوځښت په دې هڅه کې وو چې یهودان عثماني فلسطین ته مهاجر شي، په ځانګړې توګه د غریبو یهودي ټولنو په منځ کې یې هڅونه کوله ترڅو هغوی جذب شي او هلته شتون پیدا کړي، د هرتزل له نظره، دا کار د جذب شویو یهودانو په منځ کې د اندیښنې او د مسیحیانو په منځ کې د یهود ضد فکر رامنځته کېدو لامل شو.<ref>Wylen, Stephen M. ''Settings of Silver: An Introduction to Judaism'', Second Edition, Paulist Press, 2000, p. 392.</ref><ref>[[Walter Laqueur]], ''The History of Zionism'' (2003) p 40</ref><ref>[[Theodor Herzl]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=1_6VSVuzCagC&pg=PA80 ''The Jewish State,''] Courier Corporation reprint 2012 {{isbn|978-0-486-11961-8}} p.80:' if all or any of the French Jews protest against this scheme on account of their own "assimilation," my answer is simple: The whole thing does not concern them at all. They are Jewish Frenchmen, well and good! This is a private affair for the Jews alone.The movement towards the organization of the State I am proposing would, of course, harm Jewish Frenchmen no more than it would harm the "assimilated" of other countries. It would, on the contrary, be distinctly to their advantage. For they would no longer be disturbed in their "chromatic function," as Darwin puts it, but would be able to assimilate in peace, because the present Anti-Semitism would have been stopped for ever. They would certainly be credited with being assimilated to the very depths of their souls, if they stayed where they were after the new Jewish State, with its superior institutions, had become a reality. The "assimilated" would profit even more than Christian citizens by the departure of faithful Jews; for they would be rid of the disquieting, incalculable, and unavoidable rivalry of a Jewish proletariat, driven by poverty and political pressure from place to place, from land to land. This floating proletariat would become stationary.'</ref>

که څه هم په لومړیو کې د یهودي سیاسي خوځښتونو څخه هغه یو وو چې د یهودانو د جذب او د یهود ضد کړنلارو ته یې بدیل ځوابونه لرل، ځکه صهیونیزم په سرعت سره وده وکړه. په لومړیو مراحلو کې، پلویانو یې د فلسطین په تاریخي سیمه کې د یو یهودي هېواد په جوړولو فکر وکړ. له دوهمې نړیوالې جګړې او په مرکزي او ختیځې اروپا کې د یهودانو د ژوند له منځه تلو وروسته، چېرته چې دې بدیلو خوځښتونو ریښه درلودله، په تفکر کې د ملي یهودي دولت فکر غالب شو.

صهیونیستانو له لویې بریتانیا سره د اتحاد په جوړولو او فلسطین ته د یهودیانو د مهاجرت څخه د څو کلن ملاتړ سره، اروپایي یهودان هم فلسطین ته د مهاجرت لپاره وګومارل، په ځانګړې توګه هغه یهودان چې د روسیې تر امپراتورۍ لاندې سیمو کې یې ژوند کاوه، چېرته چې د یهود ضد کړنو څپې وهلې. بریتانیا سره اتحاد په فلسطین کې د عربانو لپاره د یهودانو خوځښتونو په پایله کې خراب شو، خو صهیونیستانو دوام راوړ. دا خوځښت بلآخره بریالی شو د ۱۹۴۸م کال د مې په ۱۴مه (د عبري تاریخ د ۵۷۰۸م کال د آیاه په ۵مه) نېټه اسرائیل د یهودانو د وطن په توګه تاسیس کړي. د یهودانو تناسب په نړۍ کې چې په اسرائیلو کې ژوند کوي د خوځښت د څرګندېدو راهیسې په دوامدار ډول وده کړې. د یوویشتمې پېړۍ په لومړیو کې، د نړۍ له ۴۰ سلنو ډېرو یهودانو په اسرائیل کې ژوند کاوه، له بل هر هېواد څخه زیات. دا دوه پایلې د صهیونیزم د یوې تاریخي بریا ښکارندویي کوي او په مخکنیو ۲۰۰۰ کالو کې له هیڅ کوم سیاسي یهودي خوځښت سره د مقایسې وړ نه دی. په ځینو اکاډمیکو مطالعاتو کې، صهیونیزم هم د دیاسپورا سیاست په چوکاټ کې او هم د عصري ملي آزادي پاله خوځښت د بېلګې په توګه تحلیل شوی دی.<ref>A.R. Taylor, "Vision and intent in Zionist Thought", in ''The Transformation of Palestine'', ed. by I. Abu-Lughod, 1971, {{ISBN|0-8101-0345-1}}, p. 10</ref>

== سرچينې ==
[[وېشنيزه:سهيونيزم]]
[[وېشنيزه:سياسي هڅوب]]