د "اندورا" د بڼو تر مېنځ توپير

د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا
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W.Kaleem (خبرې اترې | ونډې)
و آنډورا، اندورا ته ولېږدېده
W.Kaleem (خبرې اترې | ونډې)
د سمون لنډیز نسته
۱ کرښه: ۱ کرښه:
آندورا د [[د پېرنه غرونه|پېرنه په غرونو]] کې پروت یو خپلواک هیواد دی چې د دوو هیوادونو [[فرانسه]] او [[اسپانیا]] په منځ کې پروت دی.
{{For|the 1961 play by Max Frisch|Andorra (play)}}
{| border=1 align=left cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Principat d'Andorra'''<br /></font>
|-
| style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" |
{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|-
| align="center" width="140px" | [[دوتنه:Flag of Andorra.svg|125px|د انډورا بېرغ]]
| align="center" width="140px" | [[دوتنه:Coat_of_arms_of_Andorra.svg|125px|د انډورا نښان]]
|-
| align="center" width="140px" | ([[د انډورا بېرغ|بېرغ]])
| align="center" width="140px" | ([[د انډورا نښان|نښان]])
|}
|-
| align="center" colspan=2 | <small>''National [[motto]]: Virtus Unita Fortior<br />([[Latin]]: Virtue united is stronger)''</small>
|-
| align="center" colspan=2 | [[دوتنه:LocationAndorra.png]]
|-
| '''[[رسمي ژبه]]''': || [[کاټالاني ژبه|کاټالان]]
|-
| '''[[Capital]]''':<br />&nbsp;- Population:<br />&nbsp;- [[Coordinates]]: || [[Andorra la Vella]]<br />22,035 <small>(1990 est.)</small><br />{{coor dm|42|30|N|1|31|E|type:country}}
|-
| '''[[List of Co-Princes of Andorra|French Co-Prince]]''':
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
|-
| '''[[List of Co-Princes of Andorra|Episcopal Co-Prince]]''':
| [[Joan Enric Vives Sicília]]
|-
| '''[[Head of Government]]''': || [[Jaume Bartumeu Cassany]]
|-
| '''[[Area]]''':<br />&nbsp;- Total: <br />&nbsp;- % water:
| [[List of countries by area|Ranked 178th]] <br /> [[1 E8 m²|468 km&sup2;]] <br /> Negligible
|-
| '''[[Population]]''':<br />&nbsp;- Total (2003)<br />&nbsp;- [[Population density|Density]]:
| [[List of countries by population|Ranked 182nd]]<br /> 69,150<br /> 144.5/km&sup2;
|-
| '''[[Independence]]''': || 1278
|-
| '''[[National Day]]''': || [[8 September]]
|- valign=top
| '''[[Religion]]s''': || [[Roman Catholic]] (established religion)
|-
| '''[[Human Development Index|HDI]]''' (2003) || [[List of countries by Human Development Index|NA]] – <font color=gray>unranked</font>
|-
| '''[[Currency]]''': || [[Euro|Euro <small>(€)</small>]]'''&sup1;''' = 100 [[cents]]
|-
| '''[[Time zone]]''' <br />&nbsp;- in [[European Summer Time|summer]]
| [[Central European Time|CET]] ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+1)<br />[[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+2)
|- valign=top
| '''[[National anthem]]''': || ''[[El Gran Carlemany|El Gran Carlemany, Mon Pare]]''
|-
| '''[[Top-level domain|Internet TLD]]''': || [[.ad]]
|-
| '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling Code]]''':
| +376
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" | <small><sup>1</sup> Prior to 1999: French [[franc]] and Spanish [[peseta]]. Some of their own currency, 1 [[Andorran diner|diner]] of 100 centim was minted after 1982.</small>
|}
{{Catalan-speaking world|align=right}}
The '''Principality of Andorra''' ([[Catalan language|Catalan]]: ''Principat d'Andorra'', [[French language|French]]: ''Principauté d'Andorre'', [[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Principado de Andorra'') is a small, [[landlocked country|landlocked]] [[principality]] in south-western [[Europe]], located in the eastern [[Pyrenees]] mountains and bordered by [[France]] and [[Spain]]. Once isolated, it is currently a prosperous country mainly because of [[tourism]] and its status as a [[tax haven]]. Andorra is not to be confused with the [[Andora|Comune di Andora]].


== د نوم اصل او تاريخ ==


The name "Andorra" probably originates from a [[Navarre]]se word ''andurrial'', which translates as ''shrub-covered land''.


== تاريخ ==


''Main article: [[History of Andorra]]''


Tradition holds that [[Charlemagne]] granted a charter to the Andorran people in return for their fighting the [[Moors]]. Overlordship of the territory passed to the local [[count of Urgell]] and eventually to the [[bishop]] of the [[diocese]] of Urgell. In the [[11th century]] a dispute arose between the bishop and his northern French neighbour over Andorra.


In 1278, the conflict was resolved by the signing of a [[parage]], which provided that Andorra's sovereignty be shared between the French [[count of Foix]] (whose title would ultimately transfer to the French head of state) and the bishop of [[La Seu d'Urgell]], in [[Catalonia]]. This gave the small [[principality]] its territory and political form.


Over the years the title passed to the kings of [[Navarre]]. After Henry of Navarre became King [[Henry IV of France|Henry IV]] of France, he issued an edict (1607) that established the head of the French state and the Bishop of Urgell as co-princes of Andorra.


In the period 1812–13, the French Empire annexed Catalonia and divided it in four departments. Andorra was also annexed and made part of the district of Puigcerdà (département of Sègre).


In 1933 France occupied Andorra as a result of social unrest before elections. On [[July 12]], [[1934]], an adventurer named [[Boris Skossyreff]] issued a proclamation in Urgel, declaring himself Boris I, sovereign prince of Andorra, simultaneously declaring war on the bishop of Urgel. He was arrested by Spanish authorities on [[July 20]] and ultimately expelled from Spain. From 1936 to 1940, a French detachment was garrisoned in Andorra to prevent influences of the [[Spanish Civil War]] and Franco's Spain.
The Franco troops reached the Andorran border in the later stages of the war.


During the [[Second World War]], Andorra remained neutral and was an important smuggling route between [[Vichy France]] and Spain.


In 1958 Andorra declared peace with [[Germany]], having been forgotten on the [[Treaty of Versailles]] that ended the [[First World War]] and remaining legally at war.


Given its relative isolation, Andorra has existed outside the mainstream of European history, with few ties to countries other than France and Spain. In recent times, however, its thriving [[tourism|tourist]] industry along with developments in transportation and communications have removed the country from its isolation and its political system was thoroughly modernized in 1993, the year in which it finally became a member of the United Nations.


== سياست ==


''Main articles: [[Politics of Andorra]]; [[Constitution of Andorra]]''.


[[وېشنيزه:آندورا]]
Until very recently, Andorra's political system had no clear division of powers into [[Executive (government)|executive]], [[legislative]], and [[judicial]] branches. Ratified and approved in 1993, the [[Constitution of Andorra|constitution]] establishes Andorra as a sovereign parliamentary democracy that retains the co-princes as [[head of state|heads of state]], but the [[head of government]] retains executive power. The two co-princes serve coequally with limited powers that do not include veto over government acts. They are represented in Andorra by a delegate.

The way in which the two [[prince]]s are chosen makes Andorra one of the most politically distinct nations on earth. One co-Prince is the man or woman who is currently serving as [[President of France]], currently [[Jacques Chirac]] (it has historically been any Head of State of France, including Kings and Emperors of France). The other is the current [[Catholic]] [[bishop]] of the [[Catalan]] city of [[La Seu d'Urgell]], currently [[Joan Enric Vives i Sicilia]]. As neither prince lives in Andorra their role is almost entirely ceremonial.

Andorra's main legislative body is the [[unicameral]] [[General Council of the Valleys]] (''Consell General de les Valls''), a [[parliament]] of 28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, 14 from a single national constituency and 14 to represent each of the 7 parishes, with members serving four-year terms. The Andorran government is formed by the General Council electing the [[Head of Government]] (''Cap de Govern''), who then appoints ministers to the [[cabinet (government)|cabinet]], the Executive Council (''Govern''). Currently, government is held by the [[Liberal Party of Andorra]], with [[Albert Pintat]] as [[Prime Minister]]. The [[Social Democratic Party (Andorra)|Social Democratic Party]] is in opposition.

Defense of the country is the responsibility of [[France]] and [[Spain]].

See [[List of Co-Princes of Andorra]]

== اداري وېش ==

''Main article: [[Parishes of Andorra]]''

Andorra consists of seven communities, known as ''parròquies'' (singular ''parròquia'' ''[[English Language|Engl.]]:'' parish)
* [[Andorra la Vella]]
* [[Canillo]]
* [[Encamp]]
* [[Escaldes-Engordany]]
* [[La Massana]]
* [[Ordino]]
* [[Sant Julià de Lòria]]

== جغرافيه ==
''Main article: [[Geography of Andorra]]''

Befitting its location in the eastern [[Pyrenees]] mountain range, Andorra consists predominantly of rugged mountains of an average height of 1,996 m with the highest being the [[Coma Pedrosa]] at 2,946 m. These are dissected by three narrow valleys in a Y shape that combine into one as the main stream, the [[Valira]] river, leaves the country for Spain (at Andorra's lowest point of 870 m).

Andorra's [[climate]] is similar to its neighbours' [[temperate climate]], but its higher altitude means there is on average more snow in winter and it is slightly cooler in summer.

== اقتصاد ==

''Main article: [[Economy of Andorra]]''


[[دوتنه:AndorraLaVella.jpg|left|190px|Andorra La Vella]]
[[Tourism]], the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounts for roughly 80% of [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]]. An estimated 9 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter [[resort]]s. Andorra's comparative advantage has recently eroded as the economies of adjoining [[France]] and [[Spain]] have been opened up, providing broader availability of goods and lower [[tariff]]s.

The [[banking]] sector, with its [[tax haven]] status, also contributes substantially to the economy. [[Agriculture|Agricultural]] production is limited—only 2% of the land is arable—and most [[food]] has to be [[import]]ed. The principal livestock activity is [[domestic sheep]] raising. [[Manufacturing]] output consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture.

Andorra is not a full member of the [[European Union]], but enjoys a special relationship with it, such as being treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products. Andorra lacks a [[currency]] of its own and uses that of its two surrounding nations. Prior to 1999 these were the [[French franc]] and the Spanish [[peseta]], which have since been replaced by a single currency, the [[euro]]. Unlike other small European states that use the euro, Andorra does not yet mint its own [[euro coins]]; in October 2004, negotiations between Andorra and the [[European Union|EU]] began on an agreement which would allow Andorra to mint its own coins. Andorra’s [[natural resource]]s include [[hydropower]], [[mineral water]], [[timber]], [[iron ore]], and [[lead]].

== Demographics ==
''Main article: [[Demographics of Andorra]]''

Andorrans constitute a minority in their own country; only 33% of inhabitants hold Andorran nationality. The largest group of foreign nationals is that of [[Spain|Spaniards]] (43%), with [[Portugal|Portuguese]] (11%) and [[France|French]] (7%) nationals the other main groups. The remaining 6% belong to several other nationalities.

The only official language is [[Catalan language|Catalan]], the language of the nearby Spanish [[Autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous region]] of [[Catalonia]], with which Andorra shares many cultural traits, though [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Portuguese Language|Portuguese]] and [[French language|French]] are also commonly spoken. The predominant religion is [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]].

== کلتور/فرهڼ ==
''Main article: [[Culture of Andorra]]''

* [[List of Andorrans]]
* [[Music of Andorra]]

== فولکلور ==
Andorra's long [[history]] has provided it with a rich [[mythology]] and an abundance of [[Fable|folk tales]], with roots originating in as far as [[Andalusia]] in the south and [[Netherlands]] in the north.

== بېلابېل سرليکونه ==
* [[Communications in Andorra]]
* [[Civil unions in Andorra]]
* [[Foreign relations of Andorra]]
* [[Postal services in Andorra]]
* [[Tourism in Andorra]]
* [[Transportation in Andorra]]

== دا هم وګورۍ ==
* [[List of sovereign states]]

== باندنۍ تړنې ==
{{sisterlinks|Andorra}}
* [http://www.andorra.ad/ang/home/index.htm Andorra.ad] - Main portal
* [http://www.andorra-intern.com/index_en.htm Andorra-Intern] - Andorra Inside Information
* [http://www.andorraonline.ad/index.asp?newlang=english Andorra Online] - Information on various Andorran topics
* [http://www.andorramania.co.uk Andorra Mania] - Information on various Andorran topics
* [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/an.html CIA - The World Factbook -- Andorra] - [[CIA]]'s Factbook on Andorra
* [http://based.in/?Andorra Financial institutions in Andorra]
* [http://www.govern.ad/ Govern d'Andorra] - Official governmental site (in Catalan)
* [http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/hispanic/andorra/andorra.html Library of Congress Portals on the World - Andorra]

{{Europe}}

[[وېشنيزه:Andorra|*]]


[[ace:Andorra]]
[[ace:Andorra]]

د ۱۹:۴۴, ۲۲ ډيسمبر ۲۰۱۱ بڼه

آندورا د پېرنه په غرونو کې پروت یو خپلواک هیواد دی چې د دوو هیوادونو فرانسه او اسپانیا په منځ کې پروت دی.