کينډۍ:Infobox potassium

Potassium,  ₁₉K

Potassium pearls (in paraffin oil, ~5 mm each)
Spectral lines of potassium
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/poʊ-ˈtæsiəm/ po-TAS-ee-əm
Appearance	silvery gray
Potassium په دوراني جدول کې
Na ↑ K ↓ Rb argon ← potassium → calcium ‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	19
گروپ, پیریود	group 1 (alkali metals), period 4
بلاک	s-block
Element category	alkali metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Ar] 4s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 8, 1
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	336.7 K ​(63.5 °C, ​146.3 °F)
يشنا ټکی	1032 K ​(759 °C, ​1398 °F)
Density near r.t.	0.862 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	0.828 g/cm3
Critical point	2223 K, 16 MPa
Heat of fusion	2.33 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	76.9 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	29.6 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	+1, −1 ​(a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 0.82
Ionization energies	1st: 418.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 3052 kJ/mol 3rd: 4420 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 227 pm
Covalent radius	203±12 pm
Van der Waals radius	275 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​body-centered cubic (bcc) Body-centered cubic crystal structure for potassium
Speed of sound thin rod	2000 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	83.3 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	102.5 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	72 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+20.8·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	3.53 GPa
Shear modulus	1.3 GPa
Bulk modulus	3.1 GPa
Mohs hardness	0.4
Brinell hardness	0.363 MPa
CAS Number	7440-09-7
History
Discovery and first isolation	Humphry Davy (1807)
Main isotopes of potassium
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 39K 93.258% stable کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay3 41K 6.730% stable

Element navigation

PTpotassiumPT

Ar ←

iso 19K ibox    wd:Q703

→ Ca

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