د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا
Cerium, 58 Ce Pronunciation / ˈ s ɪər i ə m / Appearance silvery white اټومي شمیره (Z ) 58 گروپ , پیریود group n/a , period 6 بلاک f-block Element category lanthanide معياري اټومي وزن (A r ) کينډۍ:Val [۱] Electron configuration [Xe ] 4f1 5d1 6s2 [۲] Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 حالت (at STP ) جامد دويلې کيدو ټکى 1068 K (795 °C, 1463 °F) يشنا ټکی 3716 K (3443 °C, 6229 °F) Density near r.t. 6.770 g/cm3 when liquid, at m.p. 6.55 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 5.46 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 398 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 26.94 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1992
2194
2442
2754
3159
3705
Oxidation states 4 , 3 , 2, 1 (a mildly basic oxide)Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.12 Ionization energies 1st: 534.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1050 kJ/mol 3rd: 1949 kJ/mol (more ) Atomic radius empirical: 181.8 pm Covalent radius 204±9 pm Crystal structure double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) β-Ce Crystal structure face-centered cubic (fcc) γ-Ce Speed of sound thin rod 2100 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion γ, poly: 6.3 µm/(m·K) (at r.t. ) د تودوخې تېرېدنه 11.3 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity β, poly: 828 nΩ·m (at r.t. ) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic [۳] Magnetic susceptibility (χ mol ) (β) +2450.0·10−6 cm3 /mol (293 K)[۴] Young's modulus γ form: 33.6 GPa Shear modulus γ form: 13.5 GPa Bulk modulus γ form: 21.5 GPa Poisson ratio γ form: 0.24 Mohs hardness 2.5 Vickers hardness 210–470 MPa Brinell hardness 186–412 MPa CAS Number 7440-45-1 Naming after dwarf planet Ceres , itself named after Roman deity of agriculture Ceres Discovery Martin Heinrich Klaproth , Jöns Jakob Berzelius , Wilhelm Hisinger (1803) First isolation Carl Gustaf Mosander (1838)
| references | in Wikidata
سېريوم (په انگرېزي : Cerium ) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Ce سمبول او ۵۸ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.
تاریخچه [ سمول ]
د استعمال ځایونه [ سمول ]
↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi :10.1515/pac-2015-0305 . https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml .
↑ Ground levels and ionization energies for the neutral atoms , NIST
↑ Lide, D. R., المحرر (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (الطبعة 86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0486-5 .
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. د کتاب پاڼي E110. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0464-4 .
دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.